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Synopsis
The way in which knowledge progresses, and especially our scientific knowledge, is by unjustified (and unjustifiable) anticipations, by guesses, by tentative solutions to our problems, by conjectures. These conjectures are controlled by criticism: that is, by attempted refutations, which include severely critical tests. They may survive these tests; but they can never be positively justified: they can neither be established as certainly true nor even as 'probable' (in the sense of the probability calculus). Criticism of our conjectures is of decisive importance: by bringing out our mistakes it makes us understand the difficulties of the problems which we try to solve. This is how we become better acquainted with our problem, and able to propose more mature solutions: the very refutation of a theory - that is, of a tentative solution to our problem - is always a step forward that takes us nearer the truth. And this is how we can learn from our mistakes. As we learn from our mistakes our knowledge grows, even though we may never know - that is, know for certain. Since our knowledge can grow, there can be no reason here for despair of reason. And since we can never know for certain, the can be no authority here for any claim to authority, for conceit over our knowledge, or for smugness.
The essays and lectures of which this book is composed apply this thesis to many topics, ranging from problems of the philosophy and history of the physical and social sciences to historical and political problems.
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Présentation de l'éditeur
The way in which knowledge progresses, and especially our scientific knowledge, is by unjustified (and unjustifiable) anticipations, by guesses, by tentative solutions to our problems, by conjectures. These conjectures are controlled by criticism: that is, by attempted refutations, which include severely critical tests. They may survive these tests; but they can never be positively justified: they can neither be established as certainly true nor even as 'probable' (in the sense of the probability calculus). Criticism of our conjectures is of decisive importance: by bringing out our mistakes it makes us understand the difficulties of the problems which we try to solve. This is how we become better acquainted with our problem, and able to propose more mature solutions: the very refutation of a theory - that is, of a tentative solution to our problem - is always a step forward that takes us nearer the truth. And this is how we can learn from our mistakes. As we learn from our mistakes our knowledge grows, even though we may never know - that is, know for certain. Since our knowledge can grow, there can be no reason here for despair of reason. And since we can never know for certain, the can be no authority here for any claim to authority, for conceit over our knowledge, or for smugness.
The essays and lectures of which this book is composed apply this thesis to many topics, ranging from problems of the philosophy and history of the physical and social sciences to historical and political problems.
Biographie de l'auteur
Karl Popper (1902-1994). Philosopher, born in Vienna. One of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the twentieth century.
Les informations fournies dans la section « A propos du livre » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.
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Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Revised and Corrected Edn)
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Routledge, 1989
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Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Revised and Corrected Edn)
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Routledge, 1995
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Etat : Poor. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. Book contains pen, pencil & highlighter markings. In poor condition, suitable as a reading copy. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,800grams, ISBN:9780415043182. N° de réf. du vendeur 4317226
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Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Revised and Corrected Edn)
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Routledge, 1995
ISBN 10 : 0415043182
ISBN 13 : 9780415043182
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Couverture souple
Vendeur : Anybook.com, Lincoln, Royaume-Uni
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Etat : Poor. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. Book contains pen & pencil markings. In poor condition, suitable as a reading copy. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,800grams, ISBN:9780415043182. N° de réf. du vendeur 4317227
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Conjectures and Refutations : The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
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Taylor & Francis Group, 1969
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Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
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Routledge, 1992
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Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
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Conjectures and Refutations : The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
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Taylor & Francis Group, 1969
ISBN 10 : 0415043182
ISBN 13 : 9780415043182
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Conjectures and Refutations : The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
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Taylor & Francis Group, 1969
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ISBN 13 : 9780415043182
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Conjectures and Refutations : The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
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Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Routledge Classics) (Volume 17)
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