Articles liés à PHILOSOPHY & CRITICAL PEDAGOGY: Materialism, Dialectics,...
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Synopsis
Over the last several decades there has been a regression in the comprehensiveness and materiality of critical philosophy. A comprehensive critical social theory must stress the centrality of labor in the economy. It must help us to apprehend the dialectic of the historical and material world and the changing social condition of humanity within it. It must theorize the origins and outcomes of economic and cultural oppression and be engaged politically with the labor force to end them. Real structured interconnection exists in our social and political, as well as our physical lives. Theory can be called critical only if it penetrates beneath empirical facts and discerns generative structures that are neither obvious nor apparent. The clear-cut contribution of epistemology from Plato to Kant has been the recognition that one sees not only with one's eyes, but also with one's "mind's eye." Marx later concluded that this insight does not necessarily entail idealism, but rather more strictly, an appreciation of dialectics: mind and humankind are integral parts of nature. Consciousness is rooted in the body and in society. The Renaissance marked the modern beginning of a unified theory of the material world. Science was attempting to eliminate the "meta" from metaphysics, and stress the "uni" in universe. Mind and humankind were starting to be understood as integral parts of nature. Scientific explanation was requiring a dialectification of the study of nature, society, and our capacity to know. In "Democracy and Education" John Dewey wrote: "Philosophy is thinking what the known demands of us. . . . It is an idea of what is possible, not a record of accomplished fact. . . it is hypothetical like all thinking. It presents us an assignment of something to be done, something to be tried." Current controversies about the nature of dialectics within the Marxist frame, highlighting problems of epistemological reductionism and the theory of reflection, are examined at the start of this study in order to make a critical assessment of the nature of dialectical methodology today. Contemporary philosophical contributions of Aldo Leopold, Ernest Manheim, and Herbert Marcuse are elaborated here in terms of their dialectical and materialist understanding of science and society today. A labor theory of ethics is presented which develops commonwealth criteria of judgment regarding the real and enduring material possibilities that concretely encompass all of our engagement and action. Two historiographical postscripts are offered. The first illumines the Socialist Turner Movement in New York City and its inluence on late 19th century American socialism. The second documents the participation of 1848-er German Marxists, including the writings of Karl Marx himself, on the Kansas Free State struggle, 1852-62.
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À propos de l?auteur
Charles Reitz is the author of several publications on the educational and political philosophy of Herbert Marcuse: Art, Alienation, and the Humanities: A Critical Engagement with Herbert Marcuse (SUNY Press, 2000); “Herbert Marcuse and the Humanities: Emancipatory Education and Predatory Culture,” and “Herbert Marcuse and the New Culture Wars,” in Douglas Kellner, Tyson Lewis, Clayton Pierce, K. Daniel Cho, Marcuse’s Challenge to Education (Rowman & Littlefield, 2009). He is also the author of “Accounting for Inequality,” a critical appraisal of Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the 21st Century, in the Review of Radical Political Economics, forthcoming. He is editor of a collection of radical philosophical essays, Crisis and Commonwealth: Marcuse, Marx, McLaren (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013); first paperback edition in 2015. He has co-edited a Special Edition of the Radical Philosophy Review on Herbert Marcuse (with Andrew Lamas, Arnold L. Farr, and Douglas Kellner, 2013). Reitz retired in 2006 as Professor of Philosophy and Social Science at Kansas City Kansas Community College, where he also served as Director of Intercultural Education and President of the Faculty Association (KNEA). Contact email: charlesreitz@sbcglobal.net
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