Présentation de l'éditeur :
Geology is the science which treats of the structure, materials, relative position, and mode of formation of the great mineral masses, which constitute the crust of the earth; and investigates the successive changes that have taken place in the organjc and inorganic kingdoms of nature, and the causes of those changes. Geology has nothing to do with the question of the origin of things, or with the creation of the world; it merely aims at a careful examination of the records of its former state, inscribed upon its actual surface, and of the evidences of former life, afforded by the organic remains preserved in its strata. History, tradition, and observation show that the earths surface is undergoing a perpetual change; the currents of rivers and oceans are forming accumulations of land in some places and washing away the surface in others; the waters of lakes and seas deposit successive beds of ever-forming rocks; the summits or flanks of mountains undermined and sapped by rains and frost are plunged into the valley below; and lofly mountains and deep valleys are formed by the elevation or subsidence of the surface occasioned by earthquakes. Geology goes farther and shows us that these changes have been going on from times anterior to historical or traditional knowledge; by an examination of the structure and position of the layers, which compose the crust of the earth, it is able to determine their relative ages and the mode of their formation, whether from alluvial accumulations or by deposition from aqueous or igneous solution ;and by studying the animal and vegetable remains which they contain, it proves that the whole or nearly the whole of the present land was once at the bottom of the sea, and has been uplifted by the mighty convulsions of nature. By the terra rocks in geology, we understand a great mineral mass, composed of one or several mineral subs
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