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Date d'édition : 2023
Vendeur : True World of Books, Delhi, Inde
Livre impression à la demande
LeatherBound. Etat : New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 501.
Date d'édition : 2023
Vendeur : True World of Books, Delhi, Inde
Livre impression à la demande
LeatherBound. Etat : New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 665.
Date d'édition : 2023
Vendeur : True World of Books, Delhi, Inde
Livre impression à la demande
LeatherBound. Etat : New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 891.
Edité par George Olms, 1985
Vendeur : Librodifaccia, Alessandria, AL, Italie
Etat : Buone. Condizioni dell'esterno: Ottime Condizioni dell'interno: Buone.
5 Teile in 2 Bde. Rd. 1000 S, 338 Bl. Oln. Einbände fleckig. Papier leicht gebräunt. Nd. d. Ausg. Köln 1615/16.
5 Teile in 2 Bde. Rd. 1000 S, 338 Bl. Oln. Einbände fleckig. Papier leicht gebräunt. Nd. d. Ausg. 1615/16.
Edité par Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim,, 1985
ISBN 10 : 3487074931ISBN 13 : 9783487074931
Vendeur : FIRENZELIBRI SRL, Reggello, FI, Italie
Livre
Etat : NUOVO. Ristampa dell'ediz.Koeln,1615-25. I: Introductio in universam Aristotelis logicam, II: Commentaria, una cum quaestionibus in universam Aristotelis logicam, III: Commentaria in tres libros Aristotelis de anima. IV: Commentaria in octo libros Aristotelis de physica auscultatione. V: Commentaria in libros Aristotelis de generatione et corruptione. 5 voll. in 2 tomi, cm.16,5x22,5, pp.IX,(4cc),454,(9cc),179cc, 10cc nn, 339cc nn, Hildesheim, Georg Olms Verlag 5 voll. in 2 tomi, cm.16,5x22,5, pp.IX,(4cc),454,(9cc),179cc, 10cc nn, 339cc nn, 25pp.nn., legg.ed.in t.tela, titoli in oro ai piatti ant.e dorsi. 25pp.nn., legg.ed.in t.tela, titoli in oro ai piatti ant.e dorsi.
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Edité par Ex Typis Iametii Mettaier Typographi Regij, Paris, 1600
Vendeur : Vico Verlag und Antiquariat Dr. Otto, Frankfurt am Main, Allemagne
Paris, Ex Typis Iametii Mettaier, Typographi Regij, 1600. Folio. Titelblatt mit Druckersignet (ausgebessert), (6), 808, (52) S. Späterer Halbpergamentband im Stil der Zeit. Schöne Schiffsdarstellung auf dem Titelblatt. Francisco Toledo (1533-1596), spanischer Jesuit und erster Jesuitenkardinal, wear ein einflussreicher Kommentator zu den Werken des Aristoteles. Toledo studierte zunächst Philosophie in Valencia, bevor er sich in Salamanca der Theologie zugewandt hat. 1558 erfolgte sein Eintritt in den Jesuitenorden, ein Jahr später begann seine Lehrtätigkeit in Rom, dort unterrichtete er Philosophie und Theologie bis zum Jahr 1563. Über 24 Jahre war er als Prediger am Hofe von Papst Pius V. Schließlich ernannte ihn Papst Clemens VIII. zum Kardinal. Seine scholastisch geprägten Werke fanden in ganz Europa Verbreitung. Die Evanglien waren auch für Juristen im Rahmen der lex divina beachtet. Im Lukas-Evangelium wird die Stelle Lukas . als Begründung für das Z8insverbot der Kirche benutzt.
Edité par Sumptibus Nicolai Kalt, Constantiae, 1608
Vendeur : curtis paul books, inc., Northridge, CA, Etats-Unis
Softcover. Etat : Good. Small book. Lacks boards; two spine bands and some glue/tape act as binding. [24], 202pp. First blank old handwritten title page. Title page with some old writing. Minor foxing/toning. ; 64mo 3" - 4½" tall.
Edité par Apud Petrum & Ioannem Belleros, Antwerpen, 1619
Vendeur : Vico Verlag und Antiquariat Dr. Otto, Frankfurt am Main, Allemagne
Späterer Pappband. Hac novissima editione ex Romanis exemplaribus, & aliis ubicumque impressis, necnon autographis correctiores, auctiores .opera Richardi GIBBONI. Antwerpen, Apud Petrum & Ioannem Belleros, 1619. Klein-Oktav. Titelblatt mit Druckersignet, (12), 1.168, (96) S. Späterer Pappband. Francisco de Toledo, Mitglied des Ordens Societas Jesu, war Professor am Römischen Kolleg, Priester und biblischer Exeget. Er studierte unter Domingo Soto im spanischen Toledo und dann von 1555 bis 1559 in Salamanca. Dort wurde er 1556 zum Priester geweiht und trat zwei Jahre später dem Jesuitenorden bei. Wenige Zeit später wurde er nach Rom ans dortige Collegium Romanum berufen, wo er mit großem Erfolg Philosophie und Moraltheologie lehrte. Er war auch Mitglied zur Überarbeitung bzw. Korrektur der Clementinen, einem Teil des Corpus iuris canonici.
Edité par Belleros, Antwerpen, 1628
Vendeur : Oberle, Bad Münstereifel, Allemagne
Livre
siehe Artikelbeschreibung. Etat : siehe Artikelbeschreibung. ; geb. A.; brauner HLederband über 4 bünden, marmor. Buchdeckel mit Ecklederbesatz ( neugebunden, wahrscheinlich unter Verwendung des alten Lederrückens ?); 1200pp + sehr umfangreicher Index, beigebunden: Annotationes M. Fornarii; Zustand: Einband etwas berieben, Kanten berieben; innen: zeitbedingt nachgedunkelt, gelegentlich etwas fleckig; sonst altersentsprechend gutes Ex.; aus aufgelöster Klosterbibliothek;
Edité par Lugduni [Lyon], Sumpt. Laurentii Durand 1628, 1628
Vendeur : Antiquariaat Pieter Judo (De Lezenaar), Hasselt, Belgique
Membre d'association : ILAB
[1bl.] + [16] + 1150 + [72] + [1bl.] pp., 18cm., full vellum binding, text in Latin, titlepage in red and black, engraved vignette on titlepage, old handwritten ex-libris on titlepage, some browning of pages, good copy, R101453.
Edité par Venedig Giunta, 1586
Vendeur : Heinrich Heine Antiquariat oHG, Düsseldorf, NRW, Allemagne
4 Blätter (incl. Titelblatt); 183 Blätter (das Letzte verso blank); 1 (weißes) Blatt. Mit Schmuckpapier überzogener Pergamentband der Zeit. (22,7 x 16,8 cm) Gr.8°. - Aristoteles über die Seele, aus jesuitischer Sicht von einem späteren Kardinal kommentiert, im schönen Giunta-Druck - Edit16 ICCU CNCE 28017. Der ursprüngliche zeitgenössische Pergamentband wurde wohl für die Aufstellung in der Bibliothek auf dem Rücken mit einer Art Schmuckpapier überzogen und an beiden Kapitalen mit Bibliothekschildchen versehen. Beide Deckel mit Modeldruckpapier überzogen. Insgesamt mit größeren Alters- und Gebrauchsspuren, berieben bestoßen, kleinere Fehlstellen im Bezug, eine größere am oberen Kapital und leicht angeschmutzt. Fliegender Vor- und Nachsatz mit Wurmlöchern, winzig auf den ersten Blättern durchlaufend, die letzten zehn Seiten mit Brandloch, dadurch etwas Textverlust in einigen Marginalien dieser Blätter. Provenienz: Auf dem Titelblatt handschriftlich "Bibliotheca S. Mauritij PP. C.R.I. Mantua", also aus der Bibliothek der Kirche San Maurizio in Mantua, außerdem zwei unleserliche Stempel, sowie handschriftliche Bibliothekssiegeln. Blatt 92 in der unteren Ecke mit druckbedingter Quetschung. Der wichtige Text des spanischen Philosophen und späteren Kardinals wurde erstmalig 1572 gedruckt und mehrfach aufgelegt. Hier schön gesetzt und gedruckt von Lucantonio Giunta dem Jüngeren. * Bitte fordern Sie bei Interesse unsere umfangreichen Anmerkungen an. * * Customers from outside the EU ask please for real DHL shipping costs! - Ask for more pics ! * 3500 gr.
Edité par Apud Sessas, Venetiis (i.e. Venice), 1607
Vendeur : Chanticleer Books, ABAA, Fort Bragg, CA, Etats-Unis
Signé
Hardcover. Etat : Good. [4], 235, (blank), [8], 56 fl. Signed: *4, A-Z8, Aa-Ff8, Gg4, a-b4, A-G8. (E2 in first part mis-signed E4, Gg4 blank, B1 in second part mis-signed E). Octavo, old vellum over later boards, later endpapers. Quite a bit of old restoration work, including edges of many leaves guarded, some wormholes repaired, all very neatly and professionally done with no losses to text Francisco Toledo (1532-1596) was born at Cordova, Spain and studied philosophy and theology at Valencia under Domingo Soto and by the age of 23 he was teaching philosophy at Salamanca. He became a Jesuit in 1558 and in 1593 was the first Jesuit to be made a cardinal (by Clement VIII). He was considered one of the most learned men of his time. A prolific author of popular philosophical, theological, and exegetical works, this "Commentaria," originally published in Rome in 1572, was published in 17 editions. Text includes Ludovico Carbone's commentaries, with separate title page (same imprint as main text) and pagination. The present edition is scarce (only 1 copy on OCLC).
Vendeur : LA FRANCE GALANTE, Saint MARTIN sur LAVEZON, France
Livre
Couverture rigide. Etat : Très bon. Lugduni ( LYON ) . Fr. Anissoniorum & Joan Postel . 1679 . Un volume in-8 , 11 x 17,4 cm , de XVI + 1095 pages + 71 pages ( Index & privileges ) , ornées de bandeaux . Reliure époque veau , dos à 4 nerfs orné . Petit manque à la coiffe , légere mouillure en dédut & fin , un infime travail de ver en marge de quelques pages . Francisco de Toledo est un jésuite espagnol (1532-1596), professeur à Salamanque, connu pour ses travaux sur Aristote et premier jésuite à être nommé cardinal en 1593. Très apprécié des papes, il a vécu longtemps à Rome, et remplit différentes missions diplomatiques pour leur compte. On dit qu'il joua un grand rôle dans la réconciliation entre Henri IV et l'Eglise catholique. Ses travaux portent essentiellement sur la Logique et la Métaphysique d'Aristote dans un esprit de conciliation avec le Christianisme.
Edité par Belleros, Antverpen, 1618
Vendeur : Antiquariat Stefan Krüger, Köln, NRW, Allemagne
[8] Bl., 1168 p., [48] Bl. Überlappender Pergamentband mit blindgepr. Mittelstück ('IHS' für Jesuitenorden). Alter Stempel 'Bibliotheca Hageveldensis' auf Titel sowie alte Bibliotheksnummer auf Vorsatz, gutes Exemplar. Buch.
Edité par Venetiis, apud Petrum Mariam Bertanum, 1619
Vendeur : Antiquariat Braun, Gengenbach, Allemagne
Livre
Etat : Gut. Quarto (22,5 x 17 cm). 4 Blatt, 696; 23 Seiten, 24 Bl. Index. *Vielfacher verlegter Text des spanischen Kardinals aus dem Orden der Jesuiten, hier die recht seltene Quartausgabe des venezianischen Drucks von 1619. Enthält das vollständige Grundwerk (Instructio) sowie den Anhang ("Additio ad summam Toleti, de sacramento ordinis"). - Titelblatt mit zeitgenöss. Besitzvermerk. Bis auf die defekten Schließen insgesamt recht gut erhalten und innen nur gelegentlich leicht gebräunt. Schöner Renaissance-Einband. la Gewicht in Gramm: 1200 Geprägter Schweinslederband auf 4 Bünden über Holzdeckel (Schließen defekt).
Edité par Venetiis, apud Petrum Mariam Bertanum, 1619
Vendeur : Antiquariat Braun, Gengenbach, Allemagne
Livre
Etat : Gut. Quarto (22,5 x 17 cm). 4 Blatt, 696; 23 Seiten, 24 Bl. Index. *Vielfacher verlegter Text des spanischen Kardinals aus dem Orden der Jesuiten, hier die recht seltene Quartausgabe des venezianischen Drucks von 1619. Enthält das vollständige Grundwerk (Instructio) sowie den Anhang ("Additio ad summam Toleti, de sacramento ordinis"). - Vorderes Vorsatzblatt alt beschriftet und mit zeitgenöss. Besitzvermerk. Schöner Renaissance-Einband. Bis auf die defekten Schließen insgesamt sehr gut erhalten und innen sehr sauber. la Gewicht in Gramm: 1200 Geprägter Schweinslederband auf 4 Bünden über Holzdeckel, Rücken mit alten Papierschildchen (Schließen defekt).
Edité par apud Io. Antonium Bertanum,, Venedig,, 1614
Vendeur : Vico Verlag und Antiquariat Dr. Otto, Frankfurt am Main, Allemagne
Venedig, apud Io. Antonium Bertanum, 1614. Quart. Titelblatt mit Druckersignet in Rot-Schwarz-Druck, (52), 696, 23 S. Zeitgenössischer, flexibler Pergamentband. Zeitgenössischer, flexibler Pergamentband.
Edité par Sammieli, Apud Franciscum du Bois 1613, 1613
Vendeur : Antiquariaat Pieter Judo (De Lezenaar), Hasselt, Belgique
Membre d'association : ILAB
[2bl.] 500 + [27] + [3bl.] pp., "Altera ed. priore accurator & castigatior", text in Latin, 10x6cm., ex-libris-stamp at blanco endpaper, contemporary full vellum (missing ties, slightly deformed but intact), binding of some pages is somewhat fragile, text is clean and bright, cfr. OCLC 504212889.
Edité par R. Meietti, Venice, 1603
Vendeur : de KunstBurg, Gent, Belgique
Etat : Good copy. R. Meietti , Venice , 1603 , 2 parts in 1 vol.in 4° , [32]-704, 19-[1] pp. (top margin dampstained). Mark on title. Title in red and black. Library tickets. Extensive commentary on the Pauline Epistle to the Romans, and on Ps. I and XXX, by the Spanish Jesuit Francesco Toledo (1532-1596). Ref. Griffante "Ed. venez. Seicento" T-564. De Backer/Sommervogel VIII c. 78 nr. 10. Palau 333274. Not in Rhodes (BL London), Matagne (Namur). Contemporary limp dutch binding, vellum, stained front cover, , corners repaired, title in ink on spine. Good condition 1 volumes. Contemporary limp dutch binding, vellum, stained, corners repaired, title in ink on spine. Good condition.
Edité par apud Iuntas, Venetiis, 1580
Vendeur : libreria antiquaria perini Sas di Perini, Verona, VR, Italie
In 8?; carte n.n. 4, numerate 247. Marca tipografica al frontespizio, iniziali silografiche istoriate, diagrammi nel testo, testo a due colonne. Piena pergamena coeva molle con dorso a tre nervi e titolo calligrafato, tracce di legacci. Buona edizione, apparsa la prima volta a Roma nel 1572, del celebre commento aristotelico. Francisco De Toledo Herrera fu teologo (Cordova 1532 - Roma 1596), primo cardinale gesuita nella storia della chiesa, e personaggio di spicco della politica ecclesiastica romana del XVI secolo; fu coinvolto nella questione dell'assoluzione di Enrico IV per riconciliarlo con la Chiesa cattolica. Le opere esegetiche dell'autore sono I trattati di Teologia e i Commentari su Aristotele, redatti con grande passione, di cui questa edizione ne Ë testimone.Alcune mancanze al dorso ed al piatto inf., tarletto marginale, che non lede il testo, ad alcune pagine; alone d'umido verso la fine. Non in Adams.
Edité par Expensis Io.Dominici Franzini, sub signo fontis,, Rom,, 1636
Vendeur : Vico Verlag und Antiquariat Dr. Otto, Frankfurt am Main, Allemagne
Rom, Expensis Io.Dominici Franzini, sub signo fontis, 1636 Quart. Ttlbl. mit Druckersignet in Rot-Schwarz-Druck, (10), 688, (44) S., 52, (4) S. Zeitgenössischer, flexibler Pergamentband. Zeitgenössischer, flexibler Pergamentband.
Date d'édition : 1600
Vendeur : Antykwariat Wójtowicz, Kraków, Pologne
Hardcover. Etat : Good. Ad summum D.N. Clementem VIII. Pont. Max. Pariis 1600. Ex Typis Lametii Mettaier. (36 x 24 cm), k. [4], s. 808, k. [26], drzeworyt tyt., inicjały i winiety w drzeworycie, opr. psk. (XIX w.) Pieczęć, liczne ślady kornika, niew. ubytki skóry na grzb. oprawy. Karta tyt. w kolorze czarnym i czerwonym. Franciscus Toletus (1532 1596), hiszpański teolog jezuita, egzegeta biblijny i pierwszy jezuita kardynał Opublikował wiele komentarzy na temat dzieł Arystotelesa. THERE IS A STAMP INSIDE, WOODWORM MARKS.
Edité par Guinti, Venezia, 1580
Vendeur : Accademia degli Erranti di Vada Monica, Torino, Italie
Volume in 4 legato in cartone alla rustica, sguardie, frontespizio con la marca giuntina (scritte a pennino), tre carte non numerate, 246 carte numerate. Dell'opera sulla Logica del grande Stagirita s' discusso e discettato per secoli. Certo che le lezioni aristoteliche erano e sono pregnanti. In quest'opera del dotto Gesuita si riscontrano le assonanze tutte fra la fede cristiana ed il pensiero filosofico, oltre che il filologico ed il logico. Bella impressione giuntina stampata a due colonne su carta greve ed ancora frusciante, alcuni disegni ed alcune composizioni grafiche nel testo. Copia che lamenta una traccia di gora sull'angolo inferiore esterno delle ultime 40 carte piuttosto chiara ma fastidiosa ed una lievissima (cm 3x1) mancanza sull'ultimo foglio che, al verso, presenta antica scritta a pennino. Davvero non si pu dire che sia copia men che in buono stato. Dalle verifiche risulta essere la prima edizione, ragguardevolmente poco comune.
Edité par Coloniae Agrippinae: Apud Haeredes Arnoldi Birckmanni. 1575., 1575
Vendeur : SUBUN-SO BOOK STORE, ABAJ-ILAB, Tokyo, Japon
Membre d'association : ILAB
8vo.21x16cm). (3),250 leaves. contemporary full pigskin with blined stamped. small worm hole on few text leaves.
Edité par Venedig, Giovanni Baptist Ciotti, 1600., 1600
Vendeur : Versandantiquariat Wolfgang Friebes, Graz, Autriche
Etat : 0. Zweite, noch im Jahr des römischen Erstdrucks erschienene Ausgabe; beide Drucke erfolgten posthum. - Der spanische Jesuitenpater Franciscus Toletus (1532-1596) wirkte 24 Jahre als Prediger am päpstlichen Hof, bevor er 1593 Kardinal wurde. - Der prächtige intakte Schweinslederband zeigt in der Mittelplatte des Vorderdeckels Christus als Salvator mundi in Halbfigur, die rechte Hand zum Segensgestus erhoben und in der linken Hand die mit einem Kreuz bekrönte Sphärenkugel als Symbol für die göttliche Weltherrschaft. Die Mittelplatte des Rückdeckels mit einer reizvollen Doppeldarstellung der Personifikationen der beiden göttlichen Tugenden Fides und Spes vor den Mauern des himmlischen Jerusalems und mit der Umschrift "IMPETRAT ALLMA FIDES" etc. - Einband leicht berieben bzw. fleckig. Vorsatzbl. m. Eckabriss. Leicht gebräunt bzw. (stock-)fleckig. - Adams T 779; De Backer/S. VIII, 77, 9; Palau 333268; nicht im BM STC, Italian Books. la Gewicht in Gramm: 2000 8°. Titel in Rot u. Schwarz m. großer Holzschn.-Druckermarke. Mit Holzschn.-Vignetten u. -Initialen. 50 Bll., 1072 S., Blindgepr. Schweinsldr.-Bd. d. Zt. über Holzdeckeln a. 4 Bünden m. handschriftl. Rückenschild u. 2 intakten Schließen.
Vendeur : Lynge & Søn ILAB-ABF, Copenhagen, Danemark
Membre d'association : ILAB
Colobne, Arnoldus Birckmannus, 1576. 4to. Lovely contemporary full richly blindstamped pigskin binding over wooden boards. Raised bands to spine and rich ornaments to baords. With the original brass/leather clasps fully preserved. Spine a bit worn, and with contemporary hand-written title. Lower edge of front board a bit sooted and a black stain to front board. Internally very fine and clean with only very minor occasional browning. A single, small, non-disturbing wormhole fron beginning to end. A few old underlinings. Woodcut title-vignette and woodcut initials throughout. (8), 179, (1) pp. The extremely scarce second edition of Toletus' hugely important commentary, with the equally important questions, on Aristotle's "On the Soul", being one of the most important Renaissance commentaries on one of the most influential and commented on philosophical works of all times. The work was of great importance to late Renaissance thought and the theories presented here widely influenced seventeenth-century scholasticism.This highly influential and extremely popular work originally appeared in 1575 and was reprinted twenty-two times by 1625. The 1570'ies editions of the work are of the utmost scarcity. No auction records have been noted within the last 40 years, the only one being the 1583-edition, which is also the most commonly found in library-holdings" only two copies of the first edition from 1575 are in libraries worldwide, and likewise merely two copies of this second edition. Apart from those four copies, the earliest edition listed by OCLC is that from 1580. Franciscus Toletus (Francisco de Toledo Herrara) (1532-1596) was a highly important Spanish Jesuit theologian, Biblical exegete and the first Jesuit Cardinal. After receiving a master of arts at Valencia, he studied theology at Salamanca under the famous Domingo de Soto. He was ordained a priest in 1556 and was already teaching philosophy at Salamanca when he became a Jesuit in 1558. In the following year he was sent to Rome where he taught philosophy and then theology, bringing with him the Thomistic outlook emphasized at Salamanca by Francisco de Vitoria and his disciple, Soto. In 1593 he became the first Jesuit cardinal. Toletus was an independent, clear thinker with a fundamentally Thomistic outlook. In philosophy his most important works were his commentaries on Aristotle's logic and treatise on the soul, which were widely read and discussed in his time. In these, he drew upon the whole previous scholastic tradition to raise and answer the most important philosophical questions of his time. His works are especially interesting, as he was neither a slavish follower of Aristotle nor limited to defend any medieval scholar of his own community, as were many other commentators of the period. Governed by reason, he respectfully and clearly analyzes the key text of the greatest philosopher of all times and draws out his own philosophical theories. "Although Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the Society (the Jesuits), had established Aristotle as the basic philosophical authority and Thomas as the guide to philosophy as well as theology, the Thomism of the Jesuits turned out to be a rather moderate one, which neither closed the doors on differing positions, such as those of the Scotists and the nominalists in psychology, nor prevented its members from developing new positions of their own. An early example of this attitude was Franciscus Toletus. His commentary on "De anima", first published at Cologne in 1575, followed the traditional division of Averroes, but also gave the Greek division of the text into chapters and had the third book begin according to Greek tradition. The authors upon whom Toletus depended were the Latin commentators, especially Thomas, as well as the Greeks and Arabs, with special attention given to Averroes. However rich his commentary, the major philosophical discussion is found in the more than seventy "quaestiones", which resemble a systematic treatise." (Schmitt, Skinner, Kessler, "The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy", p. 511).If one question is to be pointed out as the main philosophical one of the Renaissance, it is that of the soul's relation to reason or intelligence. " "Anima" and "Intellectus" were then the watchwords of the schools: their relation, or the nature of "anima intellective", was the point round which discussion moved and on which was invoked the authority of Averroes, Alexander or St Thomas. When the audiences in the Italian class-rooms called out "Quid de anima?" this was the subject which they desired to hear treated." (Douglas, p. 74).For Toletus, intellectual abstraction is simply a precision from accidents and a consideration of the substance of anything. In his great "De anima"-commentary, he allowed for a direct intellectual cognition of a singular material thing. And although he thinks it more probable that an agent intellect is necessary, he regards it as probable that there is no agent intellect or that the two intellects distinguished by Aristotle are one and the same. "Toletus followed a Thomistic line, but departed from Thomism in some details. He held that individuals are directly apprehended by the intellect and that the agent intellect is the same power as the possible intellect. He rejected the Thomistic doctrines of the real distinction between essence and existence and of individuation by designated matter" for Toletus individuation results from form." (Cambr. Dict. of Phil.). "Having already stated that the basic psychological positions of the church were identical with those of true philosophy, Toletus was less anxious in philosophical argument itself to adhere to the faith and more open to strictly philosophical values. This applied particularly to the problem of immortality. Citing the volitional aspects of the human soul as well as the intellectual ones, he argued that immortality could be demonstrated by natural means, while admitting that Aristotle himsel.