birkhäuser boston mrz 2012 (19 résultats)

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The advent of H -control was a truly remarkable innovation in multivariable theory. It eliminated the classical/modern dichotomy that had been a major source of the long-standing skepticism about the applicability of modern control theory, by amalgamating the 'philosophy' of classical design with 'computation' based on the state-space problem setting. It enhanced the application by deepening the theory mathematically and logically, not by weakening it as was done by the reformers of modern control theory in the early 1970s. The purpose of this book is to provide a natural theoretical framework that is understandable with little mathematical background. The notion of chain-scattering, well known in classical circuit theory, but new to control theorists, plays a fundamental role in this book. It captures an essential feature of the control systems design, reducing it to a J-lossless factorization, which leads naturally to the idea of H-infinity-control. The J-lossless conjugation, an essentially new notion in linear system theory, then provides a powerful tool for computing this factorization. Thus the chain-scattering representation, the J-lossless factorization, and the J-lossless conjugation are the three key notions that provide the thread of development in this book. The book is completely self contained and requires little mathematical background other than some familiarity with linear algebra. It will be useful to applied mathematicians and practicing engineers in control system design and as a text for a graduate course in H -control and its applications. 260 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There are numerous examples in the history of science when the parallel develop ments of two or more disciplines, methodologies, technologies or theoretical in sights have converged to produce significant scientific advances. The decades following the 1950s have produced several such significant advances, as a result of a convergence of developments in molecular biology and in solid state-based electronics instrumentation. Since one of these areas of significant advancement, analytical ultracentrifu gation, has been undergoing a renaissance, we thought it would be a useful activity to call upon a group of researchers who have been developing either the experi mental or theoretical aspects of the methodology and gather in one place a group of articles summarizing the current status of the field. The success of recombinant DNA methodologies at producing biologically active macromolecules of commer cial interest has evoked interests in mechanisms of function. Pursuit of the related questions has emphasized the importance of studies of macromolecular binding and interaction. Several contributions to this volume remind us that analytical ultra centrifugation is rigorously based on solid thermodynamic theory and, as such, is fully capable of providing comprehensive quantitative descriptions of molecular interactions in solution. Furthermore, a number of the chapters provide examples, along with innovative methods for carrying out these characterizations. The past decade has seen several developments that reflect the rebirth of interest in analytical ultracentrifugation. 372 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Animal models represent experimental investigations developed in one species for the purpose of studying phenomena in another species and provide numerous advantages for preclinical research. They allow scientists greater control and isolation of important experimental variables. Animal models are safe, reproducible strategies by which to evaluate and design new pharma cological treatment strategies, while also allowing direct central nervous system intervention to alter the course of the aberrant behavior. Animal models have been developed for a number of mental illnesses; in this particular domain, they hold the promise to shed light on the still obscure etiologies of these illnesses and ultimately to facilitate the development and testing of 'cures. ' Yet, true models of mental illness are difficult to develop, because mental illness may be a uniquely human phenomenon. It was based on these considerations that the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on the Psychobiology of Depression set out to sponsor a conference to review the status, problems, promises, and relevance of animal models to the clinical conditions of affective disorders. The conference was held in September 1986 and included participants from both within the Network as well as scientists and scholars from various disciplines relevant to the concerns of the conference. After the conference was held, it became clear to the organizers that the material presented could be helpful to a broader field of investigators, since a significant portion of the information has not been presented elsewhere or in the unified context of a monograph. 312 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Our motivation for putting together this book was the need for a single source reference that could be used as an introduction to cell-mediated cytotoxicity for newcomers to this field, such as students and fellows beginning work in our laboratories. At present no such book is available, and we felt that it would be useful as a teaching tool and as a way of conveying our enthusiasm about recent progress in the cytotoxicity field to our colleagues in allied areas. It was with some hesitation that we approached our colleagues with the proposal for this book, and we were pleased to find them very supportive of the idea and willing to participate. We thought it important to broaden the scope of the book to include historical, molecular, cell biological, and clinical aspects of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To our knowledge this is the first book on cell-mediated cytotoxicity with such a broad scope. Historically, studies on cellular cytotoxicity were part of cellular immunology from its origin. One development of tremendous import was the advent of the 51 Cr assay, which allowed this arm of the immune response to be measured easily and quantitatively. Thus, a readout of this effector pathway is available within a few hours; other immune effector functions can take days or even longer to assay, and the assays are often less quantitative. 544 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In recent years there has been intense interest in the basic mechanisms of epilepsy. Many symposia and monographs have been devoted to this topic. These reviews, however, have focused almost exclusively on studies performed in models of partial (or focal) epilepsy. It was natural that scientists interested in the fundamental mechanism of epileptogenesis at the cellular level were attracted to work on models in which the epileptogenic dysfunction could be confined to ever-smaller populations of neurons. Many of the most illuminating studies done in this field in the recent past have been carried out in vitro on brain slices or on dissociated neuronal cultures. Much valuable insight into the mechanisms of epileptogenesis has been obtained in this manner. One cannot, however, automatically assume that mechanisms elucidated in such exquisitely 'focal' models are applicable to forms of epilepsy in which seizures from their very start involve the entire brain. One of the most difficult questions that arises in this context is how epileptogenic dysfunction, which can be understood in terms of mechanisms involving a few contiguous cells, can lead to what appears to be a simultaneous onset of seizure discharge in virtually all areas of the brain. Most of the workers who have made excellent contributions to the understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis have paid virtually no attention to this important problem. 500 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -David Courtnay Marr was born on January 19, 1945 in Essex, England. He went to the English public school, Rugby, on scholarship and between 1963 and 1966 studied mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge University where he obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees. Rather than pursue a Ph.D. in math ematics he preferred to switch to neurophysiology under Giles Brindley. His education involved training in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Marr's Ph.D. work resulted in a theory of the cerebel lar cortex, the essence of which became 'A Theory of the Cerebellar Cortex,' reproduced in Chapter 1 of this volume with a commentary by Thomas Thach. He wrote a short paper subsequently with Stephen Blomfield, 'How the Cere bellum May Be Used,' (Chapter 2 in this volume with commentary by Jack Cowan). After obtaining his Ph.D., David Marr accepted an appointment to the scientific staff of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge in the division of Cell Biology under Sydney Brenner and Francis Crick. Two other major studies, 'Simple Memory: A Theory of the Archicortex' (Chapter 3 in this volume, commented on by Bruce McNaughton and David Willshaw) and 'A Theory for Cerebral Neocortex' (Chapter 4 in this volume and commented on by Jack Cowan) followed the cerebellum study. 344 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is the first in a new series entitled ''Advances in Circadian Physiology.' Our aim in this and subsequent volumes is to document and critically analyze the state of knowledge on biological clocks, circadian rhythms and their applications to human health, safety, performance and productivity. In the past twenty years, scientists have uncovered an elegant system of biological clocks in the brain that govern the daily rhythms of sleep and alertness, hormone levels and temperature and a myriad other aspects of body function. From the first identification of the suprachiasmatic biological clock in the early 1970s, this field of research has exploded in information and implication. These biological clocks, so perfectly attuned to the pace of a bygone era, are the root cause of the human fatigue, error, accidents and reduced productivity precipi tated by the around-the-clock challenges of today's industry and society. Research on these clocks offers the promise of fundamental solutions which can help the human race adjust physiologically to the technology-paced world we have created. 220 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Trying to address the entire field of presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release is a rather daunting undertaking, one that is well beyond the scope of this book. In addition, studies of release modulation, particularly from a biochemical standpoint, have been the subjects of several extensive reviews, meetings, and books (Langer, 1978; Chesselet, 1984; Wessler, 1989; Kalsner and Westfall, 1990), which provide an essential introduction to this subject. What we have focused on, however, are several specific aspects of release modulation that perhaps have not been as extensively discussed. First, we felt that it was important to focus on modulation in the central nervous system; much of the work that has been done in the past has emphasized the peripheral nervous system (e. g. , the autonomic nervous system and the neuromuscular junction), in part because such preparations are more amenable to study. However, it is becoming clear that modulation of release is, if anything, more important in the central nervous system than in the periphery, and that virtually every transmitter system that has been studied shows some type of release modulation. The other way in which we have restricted the scope of this volume has been to try to emphasize studies in which functional (primarily electrophysiological) measures of transmitter release have been used rather than direct biochemical measures of release, and to explore the ways in which release modulation affects the normal physiological function at synapses. 212 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -One of the easiest things an anesthesiologist can do is to administer an anesthetic, and therein lies one of the major dangers of anesthesia. Like in flying and diving, if the rules are followed, mishaps should be very rare. The Art of Anesthesiology so often depends on anticipation of the unexpected, knowing the patient and doing something intelligent when the Science does not give a clear cut answer to a problem. The risks to our patients can, therefore, be markedly reduced, if we have a good grasp of the difficulties and dilemmas that they are prone to, before they are anesthetized. Herein lies the great value of preanesthetic assessment. Preanesthetic Assessment has now reached its third volume in the space of five years. Twenty-four new areas are covered with more than enough detailed information to satisfy the careful practitioner and the Board Examiner. Dr. Elizabeth Frost is to be congratulated on presenting a breadth of material that contains something useful and informative for everyone in training or practice. Subjects vary from the demands of the athlete to those of the Jehovah 's Witness, congenital disorders to pediatric and obstetrical quandaries. Other problem areas include drug abuse, endocrinology, the patient undergoing neuroradiology and a mixed bag of diseases that provide the unprepared anesthesiologist with problems. 396 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It was Oscar Wilde who defined the tragedy of old age by saying that ' . . . as soon as you are old enough to know better, you don't know anything at all. ' As improvements in the quality of health care bring about longer life, our attention has turned from the prolonging of life to the maintenance of involvement in life. In developed nations, a full 100% increase in the ranks of the elderly has appeared and with the benefits of this prolongation have come new and greater needs of the elderly cohort. Our interest is in those processes that may lead to dementia among the elderly, for in dementia we see a thief that robs victims of their memories and their place in life. This text was conceived and developed from an international con ference on neurodevelopment, aging, and cognition; the purpose of this few days a group of experts in these conference was to bring together for a fields from around the world to generate a dialog on common themes and unresolved problems. Our hope was that by keeping the meeting small and informal, we could break through barriers of terminology unique to the areas of developmental neurobiology, neuroscience, cognitive sci ence, and clinical medicine, and have a meaningful discussion on pro cesses that affect the biological integrity and cognitive performance of the aging nervous system. 412 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It is the purpose and business of the pharmaceutical industry to dis cover, develop, and make available drugs for the care of the sick. The purpose of universities and national laboratories is to provide people and scientific knowledge that can help in the process. This book presents the combined efforts of scientists from the drug in dustry, academic laboratories and national laboratories to describe advances in radiotracer technology in studies on experimental ani mals and living human beings. The authors believe that the technol ogy is now ready for widespread application in the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of this book is to help bring this about. The field of Nuclear Medicine is based on the concept that, if treatment of disease is chemical, the patient's diagnosis should be chemical. Anatomy and histopathology have been the principle ba sis for making a diagnosis. Histopathologic data suffer from being descriptive, subjective, not quantifiable, and based on the study of dead tissue. The era of histopathology as the dominant concept in medical practice is coming to an end. Histopathologic findings are often heterogeneous and a single biopsy will at times not reveal the true nature of the disease, such as the grading of malignancy. Far greater accuracy of staging of disease and in the planning of treat ment is possible through chemistry, as well as by making possible a more suitable selection of a histological biopsy site. 360 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Building on the author's previous edition on the subject (Introduction to Linear Algebra, Jones & Bartlett, 1996), this book offers a refreshingly concise text suitable for a standard course in linear algebra, presenting a carefully selected array of essential topics that can be thoroughly covered in a single semester. Although the exposition generally falls in line with the material recommended by the Linear Algebra Curriculum Study Group, it notably deviates in providing an early emphasis on the geometric foundations of linear algebra. This gives students a more intuitive understanding of the subject and enables an easier grasp of more abstract concepts covered later in the course. The focus throughout is rooted in the mathematical fundamentals, but the text also investigates a number of interesting applications, including a section on computer graphics, a chapter on numerical methods, and many exercises and examples using MATLAB. Meanwhile, many visuals and problems (a complete solutions manual is available to instructors) are included to enhance and reinforce understanding throughout the book. Brief yet precise and rigorous, this work is an ideal choice for a one-semester course in linear algebra targeted primarily at math or physics majors. It is a valuable tool for any professor who teaches the subject. 344 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -JAMES L. MCGAUGH Understanding of the nature and functions of neurotransmitter systems in the brain has increased enormously in recent decades. Lack of knowledge required us, not too long ago, to use the adjective 'putative' when discussing transmitters. Such caution is no longer essential (at least for a number of transmitters). Impressive progress has been achieved in understanding the pharmacology, biochemistry and anatomy of transmitter systems. There has, however, been relatively less progress in understanding the functioning of brain transmitters in regulating and mediating behavior. A simple and certainly correct explanation for this is, of course, that understanding of neurotransmitter functions requires prior detailed knowledge of basic pharmacology, biochemistry and anatomy. Beyond that, it now seems likely that progress in understanding the functions of brain neurotransmitters will proceed only as we examine the interactions of neurotransmitter systems in regulating behavioral functions. This premise is, of course, suggested by the findings of studies of the chemical neuroanatomy of the brain: Neurotransmitter systems are influenced by other neurotransmitter systems and, in tum, influence the same as well as other systems. No system works alone. The chapters in this book explicitly examine the interactions of neurotransmitter systems involved in the regulation of cognitive processes. The facts and interpretations offered provide compelling support for the premise that cognitive processes are orchestrated by interactions among neurotransmitter systems. And, they offer promise that understanding of such interactions will be of critical importance in the develop ment of treatments for brain diseases affecting cognitive functioning. 380 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 384 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This collection contains all my published papers, both research and expository, that were published from 1934 to 1988. The research papers arranged in chronological order appear in Volume I and II and in the first part of Volume III. The expository papers, which are mainly reports presented at conferences, appear in chronological order in the last part of Volume III. Volume I covers the period 1910 to 1947, the year I moved to Yale, Volume II covers the period 1947 to 1965 when I became Chairman of the Department at Yale and Volume III covers the period from 1965 to 1989, which goes beyond my assumption of an emeritus status in 1981. I have divided the time interval covered in each volume into subintervals preceded by an account of my personal history during this period, and a commentary on the research papers published in the period. I have omitted commentaries on the expository papers and have sorted out the commentaries on the research papers according to the principal fields of my research. my recollections, checked against written The personal history has been based on documentation in my file of letters as well as diaries. One of these was a diary I kept of my trip to the USSR in 1961; the others were diaries Florie (Florence) kept during other major visits abroad. I have also consulted Professor A. W. Tucker on historical details on Princeton during the 1930's. 476 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Cells have evolved multiple strategies to adapt the composition and quality of their protein equipment to needs imposed by changes in intra- and extracellular conditions. The appearance of pro teins transmit ting novel functional properties to cells can be controlled at a transcrip tional, posttranscriptional, translational or posttranslational level. Extensive research over the past 15 years has shown that transcriptional regulation is used as the predominant strategy to control the production of new proteins in response to extracellular stimuli. At the level of gene transcription, the initiation ofmRNA synthesis is used most frequently to govern gene expression. The key elements controlling transcription initiation in eukaryotes are activator proteins (transactivators) that bind in a sequence-specific manner to short DNA sequences in the of genes. The activator binding sites are elements of larger proximity control units, ca lied promoters and enhancers, which bind many distinct proteins. These may synergize or negatively cooperate with the activators. The do novo binding of an activator to DNA or, if already bound to DNA, its functional activation is what ultimately turns on a high-level expression of genes. The activity of transactivators is controlled by signalling pathways and, in some cases, transactivators actively partici pate in signal transduction by moving from the cytoplasm into the nuc1eus. In this first volume of Inducible Gene Expression, leading scientists in the field review six eukaryotic transactivators that allow cells to respond to various extracellular stimuli by the expression of new proteins. 300 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Over the last 20 years, multiscale methods and wavelets have revolutionized the field of applied mathematics by providing an efficient means of encoding isotropic phenomena. Directional multiscale systems, particularly shearlets, are now having the same dramatic impact on the encoding of multidimensional signals. Since its introduction about five years ago, the theory of shearlets has rapidly developed and gained wide recognition as the superior way of achieving a truly unified treatment in both a continuous and a digital setting. By now, it has reached maturity as a research field, with rich mathematics, efficient numerical methods, and various important applications. 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -J. Robert Oppenheimer, a leading physicist in the Manhattan Project, recognized that scientific inquiry and discovery could no longer be separated from their effect on political decision-making, social responsibility, and human endeavor in general. He openly addressed issues of common concern and as a scientist accepted the responsibility brought about by nuclear physics and the atom bomb. In this collection of essays and speeches, Oppenheimer discusses the shift in scientific awareness and its impact on education, the question of openness in a society forced to keep secrets, the conflict between individual concerns and public and political necessity, the future of science and its effects on future politics---in short, the common and uncommon sense we find in our modern day reality. 208 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A.- B.- C.- D.- E.- F.- G.- H.- I.- J.- L.- M.- N.- O.- P.- Q.- R.- S.- T.- U.- V.- W.- Z. 976 pp. Englisch.