birkhäuser boston nov 1989 (7 résultats)

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -to the Second Edition.- to the First Edition.- 1. Problems of Queueing Theory under the Simplest Assumptions.- 1.1. Simple Streams.- 1.1.1. Historical Remarks.- 1.1.2. The Notion of a Stream of Homogeneous Events.- 1.1.3. Qualitative Assumptions and Their Analysis.- 1.1.4. Derivation of Equations for Simple Streams.- 1.1.5. Solution of the Equations.- 1.1.6. Derivation of the Additional Assumption from the Other Three Assumptions.- 1.1.7. Distribution of Times of Events of a Stream.- 1.1.8. The Intensity and Parameter of a Stream.- 1.2. Service with Waiting.- 1.2.1. Statement of the Problem.- 1.2.2. The Servicing Process as a Markov Process.- 1.2.3. Construction of Equations.- 1.2.4. Determination of the Stationary Solution.- 1.2.5. Some Preliminary Results.- 1.2.6. The Distribution Function of the Waiting Time.- 1.2.7. The Mean Waiting Time.- 1.2.8. Example.- 1.3. Birth and Death Processes.- 1.3.1. Definition.- 1.3.2. Differential Equations for the Process.- 1.3.3. Proof of Feller¿s Theorem.- 1.3.4. Passive Redundancy without Renewal.- 1.3.5. Active Redundancy without Renewal.- 1.3.6. Existence of Solutions for Birth and Death Equations.- 1.3.7. Backward Equations.- 1.4. Applications of Birth and Death Processes in Queueing Theory.- 1.4.1. Systems with Losses.- 1.4.2. Systems with Limited Waiting Facilities.- 1.4.3. Distribution of the Waiting Time until the Commencement of Service.- 1.4.4. Team Servicing of Machines.- 1.4.5. A Numerical Example.- 1.4.6. Duplicated Systems with Renewal (Passive Redundancy).- 1.4.7. Duplicated Systems with Renewal (Active Redundancy).- 1.4.8. Duplicated Systems with Renewal (Partially Active Redundancy).- 1.5. Priority Service.- 1.5.1. Statement of the Problem.- 1.5.2. Problems with Losses.- 1.5.3. Equations for pij(t).- 1.5.4. A Particular Case.- 1.5.5. The Possibility of Failure of the Servers.- 1.6. General Principles of Constructing Markov Models of Systems.- 1.6.1. Homogeneous Markov Processes.- 1.6.2. Characteristics of Functionals.- 1.6.3. A General Scheme for Constructing Markov Models of Service Systems.- 1.6.4. The HyperErlang Approximation.- 1.7. Systems with Limited Waiting Time.- 1.7.1. Statement of the Problem.- 1.7.2. The Stochastic Process Describing the State of a System for = const.- 1.7.3. System of Integro-differential Equations for the Problem.- 1.7.4. Various Characteristics of Service.- 1.7.5. Distribution of the Queue Length.- 1.7.6. Waiting Time Bounded by a Random Variable.- 1.8. Systems with Bounded Holding Times.- 1.8.1. Statement of the Problem and Assumptions.- 1.8.2. A Stochastic Process Describing the Service.- 1.8.3. Stationary Distributions.- 1.8.4. Holding Time in a System Bounded by a Random Variable.- 2. The Study of the Incoming Customer Stream.- 2.1. Some Examples.- 2.1.1. The Notion of the Incoming Stream.- 2.1.2. Feed of Components from a Hopper.- 2.1.3. A Regular Stream of Customers.- 2.1.4. Streams of Customers Served by Successively Positioned Servers.- 2.1.5. A Wider Approach to the Notion of the Incoming Stream.- 2.1.6. Marked Streams.- 2.2. A Simple Nonstationary Stream.- 2.2.1. Definition of a Simple Nonstationary Stream.- 2.2.2. Equations for the Probabilities pk(t0, t).- 2.2.3. Solution of the System (7).- 2.2.4. Instantaneous Intensity of a Stream.- 2.2.5. Examples.- 2.2.6. The General Form of Poisson Streams without Aftereffects.- 2.2.7. A System with Infinitely Many Servers.- 2.3. A Property of Stationary Streams.- 2.3.1. Existence of the Parameter.- 2.3.2. A Lemma.- 2.3.3. Proof of Khinchin¿s Theorem.- 2.3.4. An Example of a Stationary Stream with Aftereffects.- 2.4. General Form of Stationary Streams without Aftereffects.- 2.4.1. Statement of the Problem.- 2.4.2. The Existence of the Limits $$mathop {lim }limits_{t o 0} frac{{{pi _k}(t)}}{t}$$.- 2.4.3. Equations for the General Stationary Stream without Aftereffects.- 2.4.4. Solution of Systems (3) and (4).- 2.4.5. A Special Case.- 2.4.6. The Generating Function of the Stream.- 2.4.7. Concluding Remarks.- 2.5. The Palm-Khinchin Functions.- 2.5.1. Definition of the Palm-Khinchin Functions.- 2.5.2. Proof of the Existence of the Palm-Khinchin Functions.- 2.5.3. The Palm-Khinchin Formulas.- 2.5.4. Intensity of a Stationary Stream.- 2.5.5. Korolyuk¿s Theorem.- 2.5.6. The Case of Nonorderly Streams.- 2.6. Characteristics of Stationary Streams and the Lebesgue Integral.- 2.6.1. A General Definition of Mathematical Expectation.- 2.6.2. A Refinement of the Notion of Orderliness.- 2.6.3. Existence of the Parameter of a Stream.- 2.6.4. Dobrushin¿s Theorem.- 2.6.5. The Existence of the Palm-Khinchin Function.- 2.6.6. The k-Intensity of a Stream.- 2.7. Basic Renewal Theory.- 2.7.1. Definition of Renewal Processes (Renewal Streams).- 2.7.2. A Property of Renewal Streams.- 2.7.3. Relation to the Palm-Khinchin Functions.- 2.7.4. Definition of the Palm-Khinchin Functions for Stationary Renewal Streams.- 2.7.5. Basic Formulas for Renewal Processes.- 2.7.6. Statements of Some Theorems on Stationary Renewal Processes.- 2.8. Limit Theorems for Compound Streams.- 2.8.1. Statement of the Problem.- 2.8.2. Definitions and Notation.- 2.8.3. Statement of the Basic Result and a Proof of Necessity.- 2.8.4. Proof of Sufficiency.- 2.8.5. The Case of Stationary and Orderly Component Streams.- 2.8.6. Additional Remarks.- 2.9. Direct Probabilistic Methods.- 2.10. Limit Theorem for Thinning Streams.- 2.10.1. Statement of the Problem.- 2.10.2. Laplace Transform of Transformed Streams.- 2.10.3. Some Properties of the T-Operation.- 2.10.4. The Tq-Transformation for a Simple Stream.- 2.10.5. R¿i¿s Limit Theorem.- 2.11. Additional Limit Theorems for Thinning Streams.- 2.11.1. Belyaev¿s Theorem and its Generalizations.- 2.11.2. Rare Events in the Scheme of a Regenerative Process.- 3. Some Classes of Stochastic Processes.- 3.1. Kendall¿s Method: Semi-Markov Processes.- 3.1.1. Semi-Markov Processes and Embedded Markov Chains.- 3.1.2. Some Results from the Theory of Markov Chains.- 3.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware - A mathematically precise definition of the intuitive notion of 'algorithm' was implicit in Kurt Godel's [1931] paper on formally undecidable propo sitions of arithmetic. During the 1930s, in the work of such mathemati cians as Alonzo Church, Stephen Kleene, Barkley Rosser and Alfred Tarski, Godel's idea evolved into the concept of a recursive function. Church pro posed the thesis, generally accepted today, that an effective algorithm is the same thing as a procedure whose output is a recursive function of the input (suitably coded as an integer). With these concepts, it became possible to prove that many familiar theories are undecidable (or non-recursive)-i. e. , that there does not exist an effective algorithm (recursive function) which would allow one to determine which sentences belong to the theory. It was clear from the beginning that any theory with a rich enough mathematical content must be undecidable. On the other hand, some theories with a substantial content are decidable. Examples of such decidabLe theories are the theory of Boolean algebras (Tarski [1949]), the theory of Abelian groups (Szmiele~ [1955]), and the theories of elementary arithmetic and geometry (Tarski [1951]' but Tarski discovered these results around 1930). The de termination of precise lines of division between the classes of decidable and undecidable theories became an important goal of research in this area. algebra we mean simply any structure (A, h(i E I)} consisting of By an a nonvoid set A and a system of finitary operations Ii over A.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -to the Second Edition.- to the First Edition.- 1. Problems of Queueing Theory under the Simplest Assumptions.- 1.1. Simple Streams.- 1.1.1. Historical Remarks.- 1.1.2. The Notion of a Stream of Homogeneous Events.- 1.1.3. Qualitative Assumptions and Their Analysis.- 1.1.4. Derivation of Equations for Simple Streams.- 1.1.5. Solution of the Equations.- 1.1.6. Derivation of the Additional Assumption from the Other Three Assumptions.- 1.1.7. Distribution of Times of Events of a Stream.- 1.1.8. The Intensity and Parameter of a Stream.- 1.2. Service with Waiting.- 1.2.1. Statement of the Problem.- 1.2.2. The Servicing Process as a Markov Process.- 1.2.3. Construction of Equations.- 1.2.4. Determination of the Stationary Solution.- 1.2.5. Some Preliminary Results.- 1.2.6. The Distribution Function of the Waiting Time.- 1.2.7. The Mean Waiting Time.- 1.2.8. Example.- 1.3. Birth and Death Processes.- 1.3.1. Definition.- 1.3.2. Differential Equations for the Process.- 1.3.3. Proof of Feller¿s Theorem.- 1.3.4. Passive Redundancy without Renewal.- 1.3.5. Active Redundancy without Renewal.- 1.3.6. Existence of Solutions for Birth and Death Equations.- 1.3.7. Backward Equations.- 1.4. Applications of Birth and Death Processes in Queueing Theory.- 1.4.1. Systems with Losses.- 1.4.2. Systems with Limited Waiting Facilities.- 1.4.3. Distribution of the Waiting Time until the Commencement of Service.- 1.4.4. Team Servicing of Machines.- 1.4.5. A Numerical Example.- 1.4.6. Duplicated Systems with Renewal (Passive Redundancy).- 1.4.7. Duplicated Systems with Renewal (Active Redundancy).- 1.4.8. Duplicated Systems with Renewal (Partially Active Redundancy).- 1.5. Priority Service.- 1.5.1. Statement of the Problem.- 1.5.2. Problems with Losses.- 1.5.3. Equations for pij(t).- 1.5.4. A Particular Case.- 1.5.5. The Possibility of Failure of the Servers.- 1.6. General Principles of Constructing Markov Models of Systems.- 1.6.1. Homogeneous Markov Processes.- 1.6.2. Characteristics of Functionals.- 1.6.3. A General Scheme for Constructing Markov Models of Service Systems.- 1.6.4. The HyperErlang Approximation.- 1.7. Systems with Limited Waiting Time.- 1.7.1. Statement of the Problem.- 1.7.2. The Stochastic Process Describing the State of a System for = const.- 1.7.3. System of Integro-differential Equations for the Problem.- 1.7.4. Various Characteristics of Service.- 1.7.5. Distribution of the Queue Length.- 1.7.6. Waiting Time Bounded by a Random Variable.- 1.8. Systems with Bounded Holding Times.- 1.8.1. Statement of the Problem and Assumptions.- 1.8.2. A Stochastic Process Describing the Service.- 1.8.3. Stationary Distributions.- 1.8.4. Holding Time in a System Bounded by a Random Variable.- 2. The Study of the Incoming Customer Stream.- 2.1. Some Examples.- 2.1.1. The Notion of the Incoming Stream.- 2.1.2. Feed of Components from a Hopper.- 2.1.3. A Regular Stream of Customers.- 2.1.4. Streams of Customers Served by Successively Positioned Servers.- 2.1.5. A Wider Approach to the Notion of the Incoming Stream.- 2.1.6. Marked Streams.- 2.2. A Simple Nonstationary Stream.- 2.2.1. Definition of a Simple Nonstationary Stream.- 2.2.2. Equations for the Probabilities pk(t0, t).- 2.2.3. Solution of the System (7).- 2.2.4. Instantaneous Intensity of a Stream.- 2.2.5. Examples.- 2.2.6. The General Form of Poisson Streams without Aftereffects.- 2.2.7. A System with Infinitely Many Servers.- 2.3. A Property of Stationary Streams.- 2.3.1. Existence of the Parameter.- 2.3.2. A Lemma.- 2.3.3. Proof of Khinchin¿s Theorem.- 2.3.4. An Example of a Stationary Stream with Aftereffects.- 2.4. General Form of Stationary Streams without Aftereffects.- 2.4.1. Statement of the Problem.- 2.4.2. The Existence of the Limits $$mathop {lim }limits_{t o 0} frac{{{pi _k}(t)}}{t}$$.- 2.4.3. Equations for the General Stationary Stream without Aftereffects.- 2.4.4. Solution of Systems (3) and (4).- 2.4.5. A Spec.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The primary mission of the medical school is to create new doctors. Once the medical student has received his or her doctorate, the medical school's interest in, and acceptance of, responsibility for the continued professional development of the physician ceases almost entirely. Yet, with scientific advances in medicine increasing exponentially and the inevitable erosion of memory with time, teachings from our schools of medicine become increasingly irrelevant, forgotten, or both. To maintain competence, the physician must continuously re-educate him- or herself. CME-Continuing Medical Education-will probably never attain the status of the medical school's degree-granting undergraduate program, but medical schools and their faculties must recognize their responsibil ity, not only for creating competent physicians but also for maintaining that competence. With these words I introduced the first volume of Preanesthetic Assessment in 1986. The series was a product of a Continuing Medical Education program initiated by the Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center. Controversy continues to exist over the lasting educational value of conferences that bring physicians together. Moreover, because of time or financial con straints, only a small number of anesthesiologists are able to attend seminars on a frequent basis. By producing a monthly, current, clinical series in conjunction with Anesthesiology News over these 4 years, we have been able to make state-of-the-art analyses available to all anesthesiologists.Springer Basel AG in Springer Science + Business Media, Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin 384 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book developed from a series of lectures I gave at the Symposium on Nonlinear Microlocal Analysis held at Nanjing University in October. 1988. Its purpose is to give an overview of the use of microlocal analysis and commutators in the study of solutions to nonlinear wave equations. The weak singularities in the solutions to such equations behave up to a certain extent like those present in the linear case: they propagate along the null bicharacteristics of the operator. On the other hand. examples exhibiting singularities not present in the linear case can also be constructed. I have tried to present a crossection of both the regularity results and the singular examples. for problems on the interior of a domain and on domains with boundary. The main emphasis is on the case of more than one space dimen sion. since that case is treated in great detail in the paper of Rauch-Reed 159]. The results presented here have for the most part appeared elsewhere. and are the work of many authors. but a few new examples and proofs are given. I have attempted to indicate the essential ideas behind the arguments. so that only some of the results are proved in full detail. It is hoped that the central notions of the more technical proofs appearing in research papers will be illuminated by these simpler cases.Springer Basel AG in Springer Science + Business Media, Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The primary mission of the medical school is to create new doctors. Once the medical student has received his or her doctorate, the medical school's interest in, and acceptance of, responsibility for the continued professional development of the physician ceases almost entirely. Yet, with scientific advances in medicine increasing exponentially and the inevitable erosion of memory with time, teachings from our schools of medicine become increasingly irrelevant, forgotten, or both. To maintain competence, the physician must continuously re-educate him- or herself. CME-Continuing Medical Education-will probably never attain the status of the medical school's degree-granting undergraduate program, but medical schools and their faculties must recognize their responsibil ity, not only for creating competent physicians but also for maintaining that competence. With these words I introduced the first volume of Preanesthetic Assessment in 1986. The series was a product of a Continuing Medical Education program initiated by the Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center. Controversy continues to exist over the lasting educational value of conferences that bring physicians together. Moreover, because of time or financial con straints, only a small number of anesthesiologists are able to attend seminars on a frequent basis. By producing a monthly, current, clinical series in conjunction with Anesthesiology News over these 4 years, we have been able to make state-of-the-art analyses available to all anesthesiologists. 384 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book developed from a series of lectures I gave at the Symposium on Nonlinear Microlocal Analysis held at Nanjing University in October. 1988. Its purpose is to give an overview of the use of microlocal analysis and commutators in the study of solutions to nonlinear wave equations. The weak singularities in the solutions to such equations behave up to a certain extent like those present in the linear case: they propagate along the null bicharacteristics of the operator. On the other hand. examples exhibiting singularities not present in the linear case can also be constructed. I have tried to present a crossection of both the regularity results and the singular examples. for problems on the interior of a domain and on domains with boundary. The main emphasis is on the case of more than one space dimen sion. since that case is treated in great detail in the paper of Rauch-Reed 159]. The results presented here have for the most part appeared elsewhere. and are the work of many authors. but a few new examples and proofs are given. I have attempted to indicate the essential ideas behind the arguments. so that only some of the results are proved in full detail. It is hoped that the central notions of the more technical proofs appearing in research papers will be illuminated by these simpler cases. 160 pp. Englisch.