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Nevertheless, the use of theE nglish pound mark for the symbol of passing to the limit is so suggestive and characteristic that its convenience has induced me to employ it in the text, particularly as it has been frequently used for this purpose here and there in the mathematical journals. The use of the parenthetical equality sign (=) to mean converging to has appeared more convenient in writing and printingy more legible in board work, and more suggestive in meaning than the dotted equality, ~, which has sometimes been used in American texts. An equation must express a relation between finite numbers. The differentials are defined in finite numbers according to the best modern treatment. In order to make clear the distinction between the derivative and the differential-quotient, I have at first employed the symbol Dl after A rbogast, or the equivalent notation of Lagrange exclusively, until the differential has been defined, and then only has Leibnitz snotation been introduced. After this, the symbols are used indifferently according to convenience without confusion. The word quanitiy is never used in this text where number is meant. True, numbers are quantities, but a special kind of quantity. Quantity does not necessarily mean number. The word ratio is not used as a relation between numbers. It is taken to mean what Euclid defined it to be, a certain relation between quantities. The corresponding relation between numbers is in this book called a quotient. The quotient of a by 3is that number whose product by bis equal to a. In preparing this text I have read a number of books on the subject in English, French, German, and I talian. The matter presented is the common property now of all mankind. The subject has been worked up afresh, and the attempt been made to present it to American students after the best modem methods of continental writers. I am espe
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