The modern conception of the living body, whether plant or animal, as essentially a physical mechanism, is largely the result of discoveries in the domain of physics and chemistry begun, indeed, but not perfected, before the recent century. The modern conception of disease as due to imperfection, misbehavior or disturbance of a physical mechanism depended for its development on an acquaintance with the physiology of the body and its microscopic structure which did not exist before the introduction, in the third decade, of the achromatic objective. The microscopical renaissance which began with this pregnant invention speedily led to discoveries of the first importance in the normal structure of organized bodies; disclosed in abnormal tissues the material ravages, and, in some cases, the parasitic origin of disease; brought into full view a flora and a fauna hitherto unseen or only half seen; and, by the end of the fifth decade, was throwing a new and increasingly powerful light on the long-vexed question of the relation of ferments and fermentation to decomposition, putrefaction and disease.
(Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.)
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