Présentation de l'éditeur
I ntrodaction An understanding of the work of the Educational Records Bureau can be had only by viewing it against the background of th9 wnole measurement movement Like a number of similar organizations, it it, the product of a philosophy and a method of studying school children that are relatively new in A merica, that are not founded on tradition, and that have no counteriart outside this country In the early history of examinations, attemp -s at the measurement of the ability and achievement of students were sporadic and unorganized Up to the second decade of the present century, measurement was almost entirely an institutional affair and it has remained just that for the great majority of schools and colleges almost to the present time Examirrtions have traditionally been made by classroom teachers who have had neither training for nor special interest in this aspect of their work Except for such advanced thinkers as Horace Mann, the idea that there could be a theory and technique of measurement apart from the process of instruction itself seems not to have occuired to anyone until recent times. Because exajninations were for the most part mde carelessly and without reference to the experience of other persons, the typical early examination was very inadequate Examinations were at first entirely oral and were not infrequently concocted on the spur of the moment to confound the unhappy candidate The written essay exeuninations which began to be introduced in America early in the nineteenth century were an improvement over Lhe oral ones, but their lack of reliability and validity was amazing all the lore so because their inferiority was so seldom suspected by their complacent authors.
(Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.)
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books is a publisher of historical writings, such as: Philosophy, Classics, Science, Religion, History, F
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