Articles liés à Naval Officers, Their Heredity And Development
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For these forces officers must be selected in large numbers, as many as 1,000 officers for each division of 20,000 men, or 50,000 officers for 1,000,000 men. So, too, in the naval organization every ship has its commander and lieutenants, and there are captains and admirals of the various grades for the command of groups of officers. Each of these officers holds in his hands, as it were, the lives of from 100 to 100,000 men. Obviously it is a matter of the gravest concern that they should be properly selected. Yet the number is so vast and the personal knowledge about the appointee on the part of those who must appoint is necessarily often so slight that every assistance in the general method of making the selection may well be carefully considered. In time of actual battling, selection for advancement is made on the ground of performance the inferior officers fail, the successful ones are given the higher commands. Our Civil War showed this clearly. It also showed the melancholy fact that the selections made at the outset were often inadequate, and many a colonel and even general confidently appointed at the outbreak of the war was recalled as a failure. The method of selecting exclusively by trial and error is a sure method, but one that is frightfully wasteful of lives and property. What is the best method of selecting untried men for positions as officers? Diverse methods of selecting untried officers have been employed in the past. In the navy those who have made good records at the Naval Academy have been selected. Admission to the Academy is ordinarily made on the recommendation of a congressman. The applicant undergoes a physical and perhaps a mental examination. No doubt it is true, as Filchett (1903, p. 3) says: In these days where the foot rule and the stethoscope and the examination paper are the tests by which our embryo Nelsons and Wellingtons
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