Mutual Aid (Classic Reprint): A Factor of Evolution - Couverture souple

P. Kropotkin

Couverture souple

ISBN 10 : 1440051801 ISBN 13 : 9781440051807

Editeur : Forgotten Books, 2018

Synopsis

Mutual Aid explores how cooperation shapes society—from medieval guilds to village life.

Drawing on historical examples and natural observations, this volume shows how groups organize for common good. It examines the roots of social cooperation in cities, towns, and rural communities, and how mutual support has shaped law, economy, and everyday life.

Through stories of guilds, village councils, and collective labor, the work highlights a timeless truth: collaboration can be a powerful force for survival and progress.

• How guilds and peer systems created shared duties and mutual protection
• Ways communities organized labor, trade, and collective decision‑making
• Connections between human cooperation and social instincts in the animal world
• Historical case studies from Europe and beyond that illuminate common patterns of aid

Ideal for readers curious about social history, economic organization, and the roots of cooperative behavior in both people and nature.

A propos du livre

Présentation de l'éditeur

Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a book written by Peter Kropotkin and originally published as a series of articles in a British literary magazine. Kropotkin was a well-known zoologist, evolutionary theorist, and communist, and his ideas often challenged those of Charles Darwin.

Mutual Aid is Kropotkin's examination of mutual aid, a theory of social organization that championed cooperation and reciprocation between members of a species for the betterment of the group. Kropotkin's view challenged the beliefs of Social Darwinists, who believed competition between members of a species inherently promoted evolution and survival of the group. Kropotkin begins his book with an examination of mutual aid in the animal kingdom, where he includes examples of ants, bees, birds, large cats, wolves, and more. Kropotkin continues with a discussion of mutual aid in human societies, examining both ancient civilizations as well as modern humans. The book concludes with an appendix and detailed index.

Kropotkin's work is a fascinating read and presents a theory every bit as worthy of consideration as Darwinism. The author does not deny the importance of competition in the advancement of a species, but rather argues that cooperation and mutual aid have been underappreciated aspects of man's proliferation on Earth. Kropotkin argues for the local production of food and the self-sufficiency of nations – principals that many Westerners of the twenty-first century advocate for as well.

Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution presents an important and often under considered theory on the development of species. Whether you sympathize with his viewpoints or not, Kropotkin was certainly a brilliant man, and one that deserves to be widely read.

About the Publisher

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Présentation de l'éditeur

Two aspects of animal life impressed me most during the journeys which I made in my youth in Eastern Siberia and Northern Manchuria. One of them was the extreme severity of the struggle for existence which most species of animals have to carry on against an inclement Nature; the enormous destruction of life which periodically results from natural agencies; and the consequent paucity of life over the vast territory which fell under my observation. And the other was, that even in those few spots where animal life teemed in abundance, I failed to find although I was eagerly looking for it that bitter struggle for the means of existence, among animals belonging to the same species which was considered by most Darwinists (though not always by Darwin himself) as the dominant characteristic of struggle for life, and the main factor of evolution.
(Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.)

About the Publisher

Forgotten Books is a publisher of historical writings, such as: Philosophy, Classics, Science, Religion, History, Folklore and Mythology.

Forgotten Books' Classic Reprint Series utilizes the latest technology to regenerate facsimiles of historically important writings. Careful attention has been made to accurately preserve the original format of each page whilst digitally enhancing the aged text. Read books online for free at www.forgottenbooks.org

Détails de l'édition

• Éditeur: Forgotten Books
• Date d'édition: 2018
• Langue: anglais
• ISBN 10: 1440051801
• ISBN 13: 9781440051807
• Reliure: Broché
• Nombre de pages: 372
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