The Piezojunction Effect in Silicon Integrated Circuits and Sensors - Couverture souple

Fruett, Fabiano; Meijer, Gerard C.M.

Couverture souple

ISBN 10 : 1441952829 ISBN 13 : 9781441952820

Editeur : Springer, 2010

Synopsis

Mechanical stress affects the magnitude of base-emitter voltages of forward biased bipolar transistors. This phenomenon is called the piezojunction effect. The piezojunction effect is the main cause of inaccuracy and drift in integrated temperature sensors and bandgap voltage references. The aim of The Piezojunction Effect in Silicon Integrated Circuits and Sensors is twofold. Firstly, to describe techniques that can reduce the mechanical-stress-induced inaccuracy and long-term instability. Secondly, to show, that the piezojunction effect can be applied for new types of mechanical-sensor structures. During IC fabrication and packaging thermo-mechanical stress is induced, when the packaged chips cool down to the temperature of application.
The piezojunction effect is caused by a stress-induced change in the conductivity of the minority-charge carriers, while the piezoresistive effect is caused by a similar effect for the majority-charge carriers. To characterise the anisotropic piezojunction effect, the authors performed systematic investigations over wide ranges of mechanical stress and temperature. The experiments have been performed for various crystal and stress orientations. The experimental results have been used to extract the first- and second-order piezojunction (FOPJ and SOPJ) coefficients for bipolar transistors.
It is shown how the knowledge of the piezojunction and piezoresistive coefficients can used to minimize the undesirable mechanical-stress effects on the electrical characteristics of transistors and resistors, respectively. Devices with lower mechanical-stress sensitivity can be found by comparing their piezo-coefficients. The layout of the device can also be optimized to reduce the mechanical-stress sensitivity.
As a next step it is shown, how the knowledge of the piezo-effects on device level can be used to predict and to reduce their negative influence on circuit level. This is demonstrated for a number of important basic circuits, including translinear circuits, temperature transducers and bandgap references.
Finally, it is shown how the piezojunction effect can be used to fabricate stress-sensing elements. It appears that, in comparison with resistive stress-sensing elements, the piezojunction sensors have the advantage of a smaller size and very low power dissipation.

A propos du livre

Présentation de l'éditeur

This book describes techniques that can reduce mechanical-stress-induced inaccuracy and long-term instability in chips. The authors also show that the piezojunction effect can be applied for new types of mechanical-sensor structures. Thermo-mechanical stress is induced when packaged chips cool down to the temperature of application.

Détails de l'édition

• Éditeur: Springer
• Date d'édition: 2010
• Langue: anglais
• ISBN 10: 1441952829
• ISBN 13: 9781441952820
• Reliure: Broché
• Nombre de pages: 176
• Coordonnées du fabricant: ProductSafety@springernature.com; ProductSafety@springernature.com; ; Poststr. 9; Darmstadt; 64293; Allemagne