Synopsis
1 The Mechanism of Continence.- Embryology of the Lower Urinary Tract.- Development of the Embryonic Plate.- Formation of the Cloaca.- Partitioning of the Cloaca.- Development of Nephrogenic Mesoderm.- Formation of the Bladder, Urethra and Trigone.- Epithelium of the Bladder Base and Urethra.- Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract.- The Bladder.- The Urethra.- Pubourethral Ligaments.- Neurological Control of Micturition.- Innervation of the Detrusor.- Innervation of Urethral Smooth Muscle.- Innervation of Striated Muscle.- Central Nervous Connections of the Lower Urinary Tract.- Physiology of the Lower Urinary Tract.- The Behaviour of the Bladder.- The Urethra.- The Normal Micturition Cycle.- Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence.- General Considerations.- Genuine Stress Incontinence.- The Effects of Incontinence Surgery on Urethral Function.- Conclusions.- 2 Investigation of Incontinence.- Classification of Incontinence.- Adverse Factors.- Indications for Urodynamic Studies.- Clinical Assessment.- History.- Examination.- Investigations.- Urethrocystoscopy.- Uroflowmetry.- Urethral Function Tests.- Cystometry.- Radiology.- Electromyography.- Ultrasound.- Perineal Pad Test.- The Future.- 3 Congenital Causes of Incontinence.- Assessment of the Wet Girl.- General.- History Taking.- Physical Examination.- Investigations.- Ureteric Ectopia.- Embryology.- Duplex System Ureteric Ectopia.- Single System Ureteric Ectopia.- Urogenital Sinus Abnormalities.- Vaginal Atresia and Wide Urethra.- Vaginal Confluence with Wide Bladder Neck.- Cloaca.- Exstrophic Anomalies.- Embryology.- Bladder Exstrophy.- Epispadias.- Cloacal Exstrophy.- Congenital Neuropathic Bladder.- Presentations.- Classification and Pathophysiology.- Investigation.- Management.- 4 Anterior Repair.- Pre-operative Evaluation.- Patient Selection.- Contraindications.- Pre-operative Preparation.- Operative Technique.- Post-operative Management.- Care.- Complications.- Follow-up Assessment.- Results.- Mechanism of Failure.- 5 The Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz Procedure.- Indications and Contraindications.- Pre-operative Evaluation.- Operative Technique.- Post-operative Management.- Complications.- Follow-up Assessment.- Results.- Summary.- 6 Colposuspension.- Terminology.- Indications and Contraindications.- Pre-operative Evaluation.- Pre-operative Preparation.- Operative Technique.- Post-operative Management.- Complications.- Follow-up Assessment.- Results.- Causes of Failure.- 7 Sling Procedures.- Indications.- Classification.- Pre-operative Evaluation.- Operative Technique.- Inguinovaginal Fasciai Sling.- Dural and Alloplastic Sling.- Post-operative Management.- Complications.- Follow-up Assessment.- Results.- Summary.- 8 Endoscopic Suspension of the Vesical Neck.- Indications and Contraindications.- Pre-operative Evaluation.- Operative Technique.- Abdominal Incision.- Vaginal Incision.- Stamey Needles.- Use of Endoscopy.- The New Pereyra-Lebherz Suspension.- Post-operative Management.- Care.- Complications.- Follow-up Assessment.- Results.- Summary.- 9 Abdominoperineal Urethral Suspension: The Zacharin Procedure.- Indications and Contraindications.- Pre-operative Investigations and Preparation.- Operative Technique.- Post-operative Management.- Complications.- Follow-up Assessment.- Results.- Mechanism of Failure.- Conclusions.- 10 Neourethra: Rationale, Surgical Technique and Indications.- Anatomical Considerations and Rationale for Operation.- Indications.- Pre-operative Evaluation.- Operative Technique.- Tanagho Technique (Anterior Bladder Flap).- Leadbetter Technique (Trigonal Tube).- Post-operative Management.- Complications.- Case Examples.- Results.- Mechanism of Failure.- Summary.- 11 Artificial Sphincter.- Developmental History.- The First Model, AS 721.- Sphincter with Pressure-Regulation Balloon, AS 761.- Automatic Reflation Sphincter AS 742.- Automatic Reflation Sphincter AS 791/792.- Model AS 800; Controlled Activation and Deactivation.- Indications.- Pre-operative E
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