Synopsis
1 Discoveries with a Computer: Dynamic behavior.- 1.1 A Small Discovery in a Remote Place.- 1.2 Discoveries with a Computer.- 1.3 From the Bench to the Mind and Back Again.- 1.4 The Chaos Game.- References.- 2 How to Create STELLA® Models to Solve Basic Equations.- 2.1 Using STELLA® for Computer-Assisted Simulation.- 2.2 Tools Used to Create and Run Models with STELLA®.- 2.3 Lesson 1: Use STELLA® to Create a Calculator for Body Mass Index.- 2.4 Lesson 2: Create a Device to Calculate Total Energy Content in Meals.- 2.5 Modeling Projects Using STELLA®.- 2.6 Record Keeping and Documentation.- References.- 3 How an Equation from Physiology Can Become a Model.- 3.1 Let STELLA® Solve the Nernst Equation.- References.- 4 Rates of Change.- 4.1 The Steady State.- 4.2 Temporal Behavior of the Single-Compartment Model.- 4.3 The Concept of Half-life and the Time Course of Change.- 4.4 The Concept of Fractional Elimination Rates.- 4.5 Half-lives and Half-Times.- 4.6 Symmetry and a Helpful Rule.- 4.7 STELLA® Can Make e Your Temporal Assistant.- 4.8 Use Powers of e to Simulate Time-Dependent Events.- 4.9 The General Function for Fractional Change.- 5 The Steady State: A Question of Balance.- 5.1 Setting Initial Conditions for STELLA® Compartmental Models.- 5.2 Calculating Initial and Final Values for STELLA® Models.- 6 Equations for Model Building: The Surface Law and Body Composition.- 6.1 Purposes for Modeling the Human Body.- 6.2 Sources for Equations Used in Model Building.- 6.3 Models of Human Body Composition: Reference Man and Reference Woman.- 6.4 The Surface Law: Calculating Surface Area in Adult Humans.- 6.5 Understanding Exponents for Body Surface and Mass.- 6.6 The Allometric Equation.- 6.7 Use STELLA® Models to Solve Equations with Exponential Terms.- 6.8 Heat and Energy Production Relative to Human Metabolic Needs.- 6.9 Estimating Daily Energy Expenditure.- References.- 7 A Primer on Biodynamics and Gene Expression.- 7.1 Simulation and Modeling Can Assist Analysis and Integration.- 7.2 Simulate to Think, but Model to Validate.- 7.3 Compartmental Models.- 7.4 A Compartmental Model of Gene Expression.- 7.5 Kinetic Behavior of a Single Compartment.- 7.6 Assumptions and Nomenclature Used in Modeling Systems.- 7.7 Transfer Rates Between Compartments Are Related to Half-Lives.- 7.8 Compartmental Models Help Predict Steady-State Relationships.- 7.9 Simulating Gene Expression Using a Single-Compartment Model.- 7.10 Writing Equations for the Steady-State Condition.- 7.11 Test How the Basic Kinetic Model Predicts Change Over Time.- 7.12 Viewing Results as Graphs and Tables.- 7.13 Advantage of the Tabular Form.- 7.14 Use STELLA® to Understand Rates of Change in More Complex Systems.- References.- 8 Chronological Time Versus Physiological Time.- 8.1 Metabolic Pools and Turnover Times.- 8.2 The Metabolic Rate in Mammals Is Related to the Rate of Heat Loss.- 8.3 Use STELLA® to Solve the Kleiber Equation for Basal Metabolic Rate.- 8.4 Specific Metabolic Rate and Physiological Time.- 8.5 Use STELLA® to Compare Scaling for Metabolic Time and Metabolic Rate.- 8.6 Effects of Body Size on Drug Dosing.- 8.7 Questions.- 8.8 A Natural Experiment.- 8.9 Conclusions.- References.- 9 Energy Needs for Work.- 9.1 Human Work Follows the Laws of Thermodynamics.- 9.2 Human Mechanical Work.- 9.3 The Osmotic Work of the Kidney.- 9.4 Conclusions.- References.- 10 The Human Thermostat.- 10.1 Heat Production and Body Temperature.- 10.2 Modeling the Human Thermostat.- 10.3 Modeling Heat Loss with STELLA®.- 10.4 The Human Thermostat.- References.- 11 Dietary Polyunsaturated Fats and Your Cell Membranes.- 11.1 The Impact of the Food Supply on Proinflammatory Membrane Phospholipids.- 11.2 Competitive Model for the Effect of Diet on Membrane Phospholipids.- 11.3 Why Are Beef Fat and Pork Fat Protective Against Alcohol-Induced liver Disease?.- 11.4 Contradictory Guidelines for Dietary Fat.- 11.5 Biological Responses to Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.- 11.6 PU
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