Introduction.- PART I: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO ARTIFICIAL CRANIAL MODIFICATION.- Cultural frameworks for studying artificial cranial modifications.- Physical embodiment, identity, age, and gender.- Cranial expansion and artificial vault modifications.- Reconstructing ancient head-shaping traditions from the skeletal record.- Source compilation on head-shaping practices in Hispanic America, with comments by Pilar Zabala.- PART II REGIONAL APPROACHES: HEAD PRACTICES AND THEIR CULTURAL MEANINGS IN PRE-COLUMBIAN MESOAMERICA AND BEYOND.- Meanings of head-shaping practices in Mesoamerica.- Emulating Olmec gods through head form. Origins and Preclassic Period.- Head shapes in Classic period Mesoamerica.- Growing up Maya. Gender, Identity and dynasty.- Head-shaping during the second millennium. Postclassic and post-contact Mesoamerica.- Conclusions: New perspectives for studying head-shaping practices in Mesoamerica.
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