Cerebral Cortex: Comparative Structure and Evolution of Cerebral Cortex, Part II - Couverture souple
Synopsis
I. Nonmammalian Vertebrates.- 1 The Telencephalon of Cartilaginous Fishes.- 2 The Telencephalon of Actinopterygian Fishes.- 3 The Telencephalon of Sarcopterygian Fishes.- 4 The Pallium of Anuran Amphibians.- 5 The Cerebral Cortex of Reptiles.- 6 Neurobiology of the Reptile-Bird Transition.- 7 Evolution of Neocorte.- 8 Fossil Evidence on the Evolution of the Neocorte.- 9 Modulatory Events in the Development and Evolution of Primate Neocorte.- III. Mammals.- 10 Why Does Cerebral Cortex Fissure and Fold? A Review of Determinants of Gyri and Sulc.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions and Nomenclature.- 2.1. Gyral Nomenclature.- 2.2. Sulcal Nomenclature.- 2.3. Cross-Sectional Morphology of Gyri and Sulci.- 2.4. Standardization of Nomenclature.- 3. Ontogeny of Convoluted Cortex.- 3.1. Normal Macroscopic Developmental Events.- 3.2. Initial Formation of the Cortical Mantle: Migration.- 3.3. Gyrogenesis.- 3.4. Mechanical Forces Generated during Gyrogenesis.- 3.5. Role of Nonneural Structures in Cortical Development.- 3.6. Experimental Alterations of Developing Gyri and Sulci.- 3.7. Pathological Gyral and Sulcal Patterns.- 4. Neuroanatomical Features of Convoluted Cortex: Architecture and Connectivity.- 4.1. Architectural Differences between Crowns, Walls, and Fundi.- 4.2. Architectonic Areas and Their Relation to Gyral Crowns, Sulcal Walls, and Fundi.- 4.3. Thalamocortical and Corticothalamic Connections.- 4.4. Intergyral Connections.- 4.5. Interhemispheric Connections.- 4.6. Other Efferent Connections.- 4.7. Intragyral Connections.- 5. Electrophysiological Correlates of Gyri and Sulci.- 6. Comparative Studies of Gyri and Sulci.- 6.1. Phylogeny Evaluated by Paleoneurology.- 6.2. Evolution of Gyri and Sulci Inferred from Comparative Neurobiology.- 6.3. Taxon-Specific Gyral-Sulcal Patterns.- 6.4. Significance of Taxon-Specific, Individual, and Interhemispheric Differences.- 6.5. Questions of Evolution and Homology.- 7. Explanation of Gyrification and Fissuration.- 8. Methodological Issues.- 9. Structural-Functional Significance of Gyrification.- 10. References.- 11 Comparative Aspects of Olfactory Corte.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definition of Olfactory Cortex.- 3. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology.- 3.1. Mammals.- 3.2. Reptiles.- 3.3. Amphibians.- 3.4. Sharks.- 4. Comparison of Olfactory Cortex to Other Types of Cerebral Cortex.- 4.1. Comparison to Hippocampal Cortex.- 4.2. Comparison to Neocortex.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- 6. References.- 12 Comparative Anatomy of the Hippocampus: With Special Reference to Differences in the Distributions of Neuroactive Peptides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cytoarchitectonics.- 3. Allometric Relationships.- 4. Comparative Differences in Afferent Topographies.- 4.1. Major Intrinsic Afferent Systems.- 4.2. Afferents from Entorhinal Cortex.- 4.3. Lack of Exclusive Afferent Lamination in the Hamster Dentate Gyrus.- 4.4. Summary.- 5. Comparative Differences in the Distribution of Neuroactive Peptides within Hippocampal Circuitry.- 5.1. Enkephalin.- 5.2. Cholecystokinin.- 5.3. Tachykinin.- 5.4. Consideration of Differences in Peptide Localization.- 6. Concluding Comments.- 7. Abbreviations.- 8. References.- 13 Comparative and Evolutionary Anatomy of the Visual Cortex of the Dolphin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cerebral Cortex: Evolutionary Aspects.- 2.1. General Phylogenetic Considerations.- 2.2. The "Initial" Brain Concept.- 3. Neocortex of Hedgehog as Model of "Initial" Brain Compared to Dolphin Neocortex.- 4. Studies of Neuronal Typology in Dolphin Neocortex.- 5. Image Analysis of Dolphin Visual Cortex.- 6. Ultrastructural Analysis of Dolphin Visual Cortex.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 8. References.- 14 Organization of the Cerebral Cortex in Monotremes and Marsupials.- 1. Evolutionary Relations of Marsupial, Monotreme, and Eutherian Mammals: Historical Aspects.- 2. Brain Studies in Marsupial and Monotreme Species.- 3. Indices of Brain and Cerebral Cortical Development.- 3.1. Brain Size and the Encephalization Index.- 3.2.
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