Synopsis
1. Introduction (K. J.).- 1.1. Important events in the history of membranology.- 1.2. Evolution and transport.- 1.3. Transport in space and time.- 2. Membranes (A. K.).- 2.1. Surfaces and interfaces.- 2.2. Chemical composition.- 2.2.1. Lipids.- 2.2.1.1. Chemistry.- 2.2.1.2. Distribution.- 2.2.1.3. Fatty acids.- 2.2.1.4. Solubilization.- 2.2.2. Proteins.- 2.2.2.1. Types and occurrence.- 2.2.2.2. Solubilization.- 2.2.3. Carbohydrates.- 2.3. Structure of membranes.- 2.3.1. Physico-chemical techniques.- 2.3.1.1. X-ray diffraction.- 2.3.1.2. Infrared spectroscopy.- 2.3.1.3. Ultraviolet spectroscopy.- 2.3.1.3.1. Absorption spectra.- 2.3.1.3.2. Optical rotatory dispersion.- 2.3.1.3.3. Circular dichroism.- 2.3.1.4. Nuclear magnetic resonance.- 2.3.1.5. Electron spin resonance.- 2.3.1.6. Fluorescence.- 2.3.1.7. Calorimetry and related techniques.- 2.3.1.8. Other techniques.- 2.3.2. Organization of lipids.- 2.3.2.1. Biological membranes.- 2.3.2.2. Artificial membranes.- 2.3.3. Organization of proteins.- 2.3.4. Lipid-protein interactions and membrane structure.- 2.4. Assembly of membranes.- 2.5. Electron'microscopy.- 2.6. Isolation of membranes.- 2.7. Morphology and function of different biological membranes.- 2.7.1. Plasma membrane.- 2.7.1.1. Morphology.- 2.7.1.2. Functional properties.- 2.7.1.2.1. Antigenicity.- 2.7.1.2.2. Enzyme content.- 2.7.1.2.3. Cell walls.- 2.7.1.2.4. Binding and receptor properties.- 2.7.2. Mitochondrion.- 2.7.3. Chloroplast.- 2.7.4. Mesosome.- 2.7.5. Endoplasmic reticulum.- 2.7.6. Golgi apparatus.- 2.7.7. Lysosome.- 2.7.8. Tonoplast.- 2.7.9. Nucleus.- 2.7.10. Other membranes.- Synopsis.- 3. Thermodynamics of transport (K. J.).- 3.1. Thermodynamic equilibrium, passive and active transport processes.- 3.2. Thermodynamics of the steady state.- 3.3. Network thermodynamics.- Synopsis.- 4. Transport of nonelectrolytes (A. K.).- 4.1. Principles of diffusion (K. J.).- 4.2. Diffusion across membranes (A. K. + K. J.).- 4.3. Kinetics of mediated transport.- 4.3.1. Mediated or facilitated diffusion.- 4.3.1.1. Steady-state approach.- 4.3.1.2. Equilibrium approach.- 4.3.1.3. Two-site carrier.- 4.3.2. Primary active transport.- 4.3.2.1. Kinetics.- 4.3.2.2. Combined systems.- 4.3.2.3. Energetics.- 4.3.3. Coupled transport.- 4.4. Chemical nature of nonelectrolyte transport systems.- 4.4.1. Group-translocation systems.- 4.4.2. Oxidoreductive systems.- 4.4.3. Binding proteins.- 4.5. Distribution and role of nonelectrolyte transport.- Synopsis.- 5. Transport of ions (K. J.).- 5.1. Equilibria of ions.- 5.1.1. A simple membrane equilibrium and membrane potentials.- 5.1.2. Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium.- 5.1.3. Diffuse electrical double layer.- 5.2. Electrodiffusion and membrane potentials.- 5.2.1. Introduction.- 5.2.2. The electrodiffusion equation-general considerations.- 5.2.3. Schlögl's (1964) derivation of the general differential equation of electrodiffusion.- 5.2.4. Henderson's equation-potential difference across a continuous layer with constant concentration gradients of individual ions.- 5.2.5. Planck's procedure-potential difference across a microscopically electroneutral continuous layer.- 5.2.6. Goldman's procedure-potential difference across a continuous layer with constant field.- 5.2.7. Constant-field equation for potential difference across the whole membrane.- 5.2.8. Constant-field equation for steady-state membrane potential in the presence of an electrogenic sodium pump.- 5.2.9. The Hodgkin-Horowicz equation.- 5.3. Chemical nature of ion-translocating systems (A. K.).- 5.3.1. Na, K-Adenosinetriphosphatase.- 5.3.2. Ca-Adenosinetriphosphatase.- 5.3.3. Other adenosinetriphosphatases.- 5.3.4. Ion-binding proteins.- 5.3.5. Transport of ferric ions.- 5.3.6. Ionophores.- 5.4 Distribution and role of ion transport.- Synopsis.- 6. Transport of water (K. J.).- 6.1. Steady-state thermodynamics of water permeation.- 6.2. The state of water in cells.- Synopsis.- 7. Transport by special mechanisms (A. K.).- 7.1. Oligopeptide p
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