Synopsis
1. Historical Perspectives of Functional Bowel Disease.- 1. Evolution of Clinical Concepts.- 2. Life Events, Emotions, and Functional Disorders.- 2.1. Critique.- 2.2. Alternative Models of a Mind-Body Interaction.- 2.3. Widening Concepts of Mind-Body Interaction.- 3. Conclusion.- References.- 2. Role of Neural Control in Gastrointestinal Motility and Visceral Pain..- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in GI Motility and Visceral Sensation.- 2.1. Enteric Nervous System.- 2.2. Visceral Afferent Mechanisms.- 2.3. Autonomic Efferent Innervation.- 2.4. Pain-Modulating Mechanisms.- 3. Evidence for Alteration in Pain Perception (Visceral and Somatic) and Colonic Motility in IBS.- 3.1. Colonic Motility.- 3.2. Visceral Sensation.- 3.3. General Pain Perception.- 4. Proposed Model for Alterations in Visceral Sensation and GI Motility in IBS.- References.- 3. Effects of Psychological Factors on Gastrointestinal Function.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Psychiatric Diagnoses.- 1.2. Psychometric Testing.- 1.3. Self-Selection Hypothesis.- 2. Direct Effects of Psychological Stress on Gastrointestinal Physiology.- 2.1. Esophageal Motility.- 2.2. Gastric Motility.- 2.3. Small Intestine.- 2.4. Colon.- 3. Indirect Effects of Psychological Stress on Gastrointestinal Physiology.- 4. Effects of Psychological Traits on the Perception and Reporting of Bowel Symptoms.- 5. Social Learning Influences on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Physiology.- 6. Conclusions and Implications for Treatment.- 6.1. Stress.- 6.2. Effects of Psychological Traits on Perception and Reporting of Gastrointestinal Symptoms.- 6.3. Learned Illness Behavior.- References.- 4. Central Control of Gastrointestinal Transit and Motility by Brain-Gut Peptides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Central Nervous Structures Influencing Gastrointestinal Motility.- 2.1. Hypothalamus.- 2.2. Medulla Oblongata.- 3. CNS Action of Peptides to Influence Gastrointestinal Motility and Transit.- 3.1. CNS Action of TRH to Stimulate Gastrointestinal Motor Function.- 3.2. CNS Action of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) to Alter Gastrointestinal Motor Function.- 3.3. CNS Action of Opioid Peptides to Inhibit Gastrointestinal Motor Function.- 3.4. CNS Action of Bombesin to Inhibit Gastrointestinal Motor Function.- 3.5. CNS Action of Calcitonin to Inhibit Gastrointestinal Motor Function.- 3.6. CNS Action of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) on Gastrointestinal Motor Function.- 3.7. CNS Action of Neurotensin to Influence Gastrointestinal Motor Function.- 3.8. CNS Action of Other Peptides to Influence Gastrointestinal Motility.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- 4.1. Brain Peptides and CNS Modulation of Gastrointestinal Transit.- 4.2. Brain Peptides and Modulation of Gastrointestinal Motility.- 4.3. Conclusions.- References.- 5. Effect of Diet on Intestinal Function and Dysfunction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effects of Eating on the Colon.- 3. Carbohydrate.- 3.1. Simple Sugars.- 3.2. Starch.- 4. Dietary Fiber.- 4.1. Definition and Classification.- 4.2. Actions of Wheat Bran and Ispaghula on the Colon.- 4.3. Effects of Bran and Ispaghula on Symptoms of Irritable Bowel.- 5. Other Dietary Factors.- 5.1. Food Allergy and Intolerance.- 5.2. Protein and Fat.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 6. Disorders of Intestinal Motility Resulting from Drug Therapy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cholinergic Agents.- 3. Adrenergic Agents.- 4. Dopaminergic Agents.- 5. Opiates.- 6. Calcium Channel Blockers.- 7. Prostaglandins.- 8. Antibiotics.- 9. Miscellaneous.- 10. Summary.- References.- 7. Functional Diseases of the Esophagus.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Presentation.- 3. Classification of EMDs.- 3.1. Disorders of the UES.- 3.2. Primary EMDs.- 3.3. Secondary EMDs.- 4. Diagnostic Studies.- 4.1. Radiology.- 4.2. Fiberoptic Endoscopy.- 4.3. Radionuclide Transit Studies.- 4.4. Esophageal Manometry.- 4.5. Provocative Tests.- 4.6. 24-hr Motility Testing.- 5. Approach to the Diagnosis of EMDs.- 6. Psychologic Abnormalities in EMDs.- 7. Medic
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