Magnesium Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Disease: Early Roots of Cardiovascular, Skeletal, and Renal Abnormalities - Couverture souple
Synopsis
1 • Introduction: Consideration of Epidemiologic Factors.- 1.1. Ischemic Heart Disease.- 1.2. Concomitant Cardiovascular, Skeletal, and Renal Diseases.- 1.3. Changing Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Phosphate Intakes.- 1.4. Sex Difference in Magnesium Retention.- 1.5. Hard/Soft Water and Cardiovascular Disease.- 1.6. Epidemiologic Factors in Calcific Urinary Calculi.- 1.7. Genetic Factors in Cardiovascular, Skeletal, and Renal Diseases.- I Magnesium Deficiency during Gestation, Infancy, and Early Childhood.- 2 • The Role of Magnesium in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancy.- 2.1. Magnesium Balance in Pregnancy.- 2.2. Fetal Magnesium Requirements.- 2.3. Magnesium Serum Levels in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancy.- 2.3.1. Normal Pregnancy: Magnesium Levels.- 2.3.2. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia: Magnesium Levels and Treatment.- 2.3.2.1. Possible Contribution of Magnesium Deficiency to Eclamptic Pregnancy.- 2.3.2.2. Possible Contribution of Magnesium Deficiency to Placental and Coagulation Abnormalities.- 2.4. Magnesium Levels in Women with Recurrent or Imminent Abortion.- 3 • Consideration of Magnesium Deficiency in Perinatal Hormonal and Mineral Imbalances.- 3.1. Magnesium Deficiency during Gestation.- 3.1.1. Effects of Experimental Maternal Magnesium Deficiency on the Fetus.- 3.2. Perinatal Parathyroid Secretion: Interrelations with Magnesium and Calcium.- 3.2.1. Hyperparathyroidism of Pregnancy.- 3.2.2. Fetal Parathyroid Activity, and Phosphate, Calcium, and Magnesium Homeostasis.- 3.2.3. Hypoparathyroidism of Infancy.- 3.2.3.1. Hypocalcemia of Infancy.- 3.2.3.2. Magnesium Deficiency and Infantile Hypoparathyroidism.- 3.3. Calcitonin during Gestation; Interrelations with Magnesium and Calcium.- 3.3.1. Calcitonin during Pregnancy.- 3.3.2. Fetal Secretion of Calcitonin.- 3.3.3. Neonatal Calcitonin.- 3.4. Perinatal Hypervitaminosis D.- 3.4.1. Toxicity of Excess Vitamin D during Pregnancy.- 3.5. Summary of Maternal Factors That Might Contribute to Infantile Magnesium Abnormalities: Morbidity and Mortality.- 3.5.1. Genetic Hypoparathyroidism.- 3.5.2. Genetic Hyperparathyroidism.- 3.5.3. Reciprocal Maternal and Fetal Mineral Status.- 3.5.4. Maternal Age and Parity: Diabetes Mellitus.- 3.5.5. Eclampsia.- 4 • Magnesium Status in Infancy.- 4.1. Infantile Magnesium Deficiency: A Factor in Hypocalcemic Tetany, Seizures, and Respiratory Distress.- 4.1.1. Magnesium Deficiency in Metabolic Convulsions of Otherwise Normal Newborn Infants.- 4.1.2. Low-Birth-Weight Infants.- 4.1.3. Neonatal Hypoxia.- 4.1.4. Neonatal Infants of Diabetic Mothers.- 4.1.5. Neonatal Hypermagnesemia.- 4.1.6. Magnesium Depletion by Exchange Transfusions with Citrated Blood.- 4.1.7. Low Ionized Calcium and Hypomagnesemia.- 4.2. Treatment of Infantile Conditions Associated with Abnormalities of Magnesium.- 4.2.1. Correction of Neonatal Acidosis.- 4.2.2. Intensification of Magnesium Deficiency by Treatment of Hypocalcemia with Calcemic Agents.- 4.3. Influence of Infant Feeding on Magnesium Status: Interrelations with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D.- 4.3.1. Human versus Cows' Milk.- 4.3.1.1. Metabolic Balances of Infants Fed Human or Cows' Milk.- 4.3.1.2. Serum Magnesium, Calcium and Phosphorous Levels in Infants Fed Cows' and Human Milk.- 4.3.2. Risks of Excessive Vitamin D in Infancy.- 4.4. Primary Malabsorption of Magnesium.- 4.5. Acute and Protracted Gastroenteritis in Infancy and Childhood.- 4.6. Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM).- 4.7. Sudden Death in Infancy: Possible Role of Magnesium Deficiency1.- 4.7.1. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).- 4.7.1.1. Acute Magnesium Deficiency, Histamine Release, and Hypoxia in SIDS.- 4.7.1.2. Subacute Magnesium Deficiency and Cardiac Lesions in SIDS.- 4.7.1.3. SIDS and Hypoparathyroidism.- 4.7.1.4. Epidemiologic Factors in SIDS.- II Magnesium Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases.- 5 • Failure to Reduce Incidence of Ischemic Heart Disease by Lowering Blood Lipids.- 5.1. Magnesium and Lipid Interrelationships.
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