World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492, Revised and Expanded Edition - Couverture souple

Johannessen, Dr. Carl L.; Sorenson, Dr. John L.

 
9781482087604: World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492, Revised and Expanded Edition
Couverture souple
ISBN 10 : 148208760X ISBN 13 : 9781482087604
Editeur : CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013

Synopsis

World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492, Revised and Expanded Edition postulates that 127 tropical and subtropical plants and animals were transported across oceans to and from tropical continents by early tropical mariners. This volume summarizes our research, opening up new avenues of research and challenging the current ideas of how species were dispersed across the world oceans. A plant, especially a domesticated one, cannot evolve twice on two opposite continents; they require a native wild DNA source. It takes finite time for the species to spread. Eighty-four tropical plants were transported from America to the tropical or subtropical Old World used now by us. The early mariners selected crops from highlands and shorelines, wet and dry climates, took them to the Old World, and apparently planted them in the appropriate ecological locations as this is where the remains were found. So far only the remains of 13 plants show travel from Old World locations to America, although that number will likely change with further research. The sailing that maintained medicinal plants in Egypt and Peru during two separate 1,400 year periods implies continual maritime trade. The most ancient exchanges by mariners were two species of hookworms originating from Southeast Asia. The oldest examples of these parasites were found in mummies in interior Brazil but not in North America. This indicates that diffusion across the oceans of various types occurred that brought these parasites to Brazil over 7,000 years ago. This research will allow scientists and teachers to openly reassess their current notions of the history of civilization and the interaction between civilizations and peoples in ancient times across the oceans.

Les informations fournies dans la section « Synopsis » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.

Présentation de l'éditeur

World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492, Revised and Expanded Edition postulates that 127 tropical and subtropical plants and animals were transported across oceans to and from tropical continents by early tropical mariners. This volume summarizes our research, opening up new avenues of research and challenging the current ideas of how species were dispersed across the world oceans. A plant, especially a domesticated one, cannot evolve twice on two opposite continents; they require a native wild DNA source. It takes finite time for the species to spread. Eighty-four tropical plants were transported from America to the tropical or subtropical Old World used now by us. The early mariners selected crops from highlands and shorelines, wet and dry climates, took them to the Old World, and apparently planted them in the appropriate ecological locations as this is where the remains were found. So far only the remains of 13 plants show travel from Old World locations to America, although that number will likely change with further research. The sailing that maintained medicinal plants in Egypt and Peru during two separate 1,400 year periods implies continual maritime trade. The most ancient exchanges by mariners were two species of hookworms originating from Southeast Asia. The oldest examples of these parasites were found in mummies in interior Brazil but not in North America. This indicates that diffusion across the oceans of various types occurred that brought these parasites to Brazil over 7,000 years ago. This research will allow scientists and teachers to openly reassess their current notions of the history of civilization and the interaction between civilizations and peoples in ancient times across the oceans.

Les informations fournies dans la section « A propos du livre » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.

Éditeur
CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
Date d'édition
2013
Langue
anglais
ISBN 10 
148208760X
ISBN 13 
9781482087604
Reliure
Broché
Numéro d'édition
2
Nombre de pages
446
Coordonnées du fabricant
Manufactured by Amazon on behalf of the author
https://www.amazon.fr/hz/contact-us

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Luxembourg