Synopsis
Refuge alternatives are airtight, reinforced shelters that underground coal miners can enter during a mine emergency. Although different states and different mines refer to refuge alternatives by different names, this publication will refer to refuge alternatives that are close to the working face as refuge chambers, whether inflatable from a skid or constructed from steel. Other common terms for refuge chambers are rescue chambers, rescue shelters, and refuge shelters. Refuge alternatives that are outby of the face area, whether a prefabricated refuge chamber or one built into a crosscut, will be referred to as outby refuges because of their location in the mine. Outby refuges can be permanent, semipermanent, or portable and are usually located at every other self-contained self-rescuer (SCSR) cache. Outby refuges are sometimes called hardened rooms, outby shelters, or in-place shelters.
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