Synopsis
Landscapes are invested with meaning and are inherently political. Conservation and development programs in Zimbabwe s south-east lowveld have been rooted in concepts of the landscape: either as a wilderness to be tamed into a productive landscape by white pioneers or as a pristine natural landscape to be preserved, rehabilitated, or consciously manufactured. The uses and perceptions of this landscape by African people have been ignored in policies derived from the wilderness vision . Dryland agriculture in the lowveld has been regularly dismissed as inappropriate, rather than as a key livelihood strategy; irrigation and livestock projects have been biased towards large-scale commercial sector initiatives; and wildlife conservation initiatives have imposed coercive regulations on resource use, deepening antagonism over land. The farm invasions in recent years have re-peopled the wildernesses. Starkly contrasting ways of understanding this landscape have been revealed, which have radically different implications for conservation and development policy.
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