THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICS, ECONOMY, AND SCIENCE: The Twentieth-First Century - Couverture souple

Kim, Hugo W.

Couverture souple

ISBN 10 : 1656263920 ISBN 13 : 9781656263926

Editeur : Independently published, 2020

Synopsis

The rise and fall of a nation state or a civilization depend largely on interactions between politics and economy. The economic strength allows a state to build up military power to expand its political domain, while excessive military expansion causes economic decline and collapse of its regime at the end. Democratic politics pursues equality of rights, while capitalist economy pursues efficiency of dollars. Political equality and economic efficiency stand generally in trade off relations in nature. The fall of communism in 1991 proved that a serious loss of economic efficiency cannot support the ideal of political equality. As long as poverty remains significant in a state, socialist measures will continuously threaten economic efficiency although the solution lies in a cyclical way by cooperation or competition rather than a dialectic way of confrontation between opposite values. Generally speaking, political power affects economic decisions, while limited resources restrict political and military maneuvers. The economic growth without democratization creates the political-economic complex due to lack of checks and balances in the system, which disturbs fair competition and encourages monopoly in the market with increasing corruption of society. As a result, resource allocation is distorted, which creates bottlenecks here and over-capacities there, so that economic efficiency declines, which reduces the national wealth in the long run. Therefore, interactions between politics, economy, and society evidently appear in the process of economic development. Developing countries choose one of three possible routes of political and economic transition or development: (i) the simultaneous growth, (ii) the autocratic path favoring economic growth first, and (iii) the democratic path favoring democratization first. In the autocratic path like current China, its economic growth without democratization interrupts continuous growth since economic power purchases political power or vice versa, which makes it possible to create conglomerates or huge state-owned companies, monopolizing both politics and economy, and even jeopardizing social justice.Moreover, we have to consider two sets of boundaries: one is politics vs. economy, and the other is domestic vs. international. First, politics and economy are two main subsystems pushing and pulling human history. The interactions between politics and economy are so influential that political scientists always consider economic elements in politics, and economists consider political elements in economic policies. Because of the rapid progress of science and technology such as the fifth generation of computers with data networks and artificial intelligence, science and technology become the third influential sub-system of civilization. Therefore, this book consists of three parts: politics, economy, and science. Second, since a nation state is an actor integrating its politics, economy, and science; domestic and international boundaries should be separately considered in our discussions. For example, a nation state has three actors: individual, corporation, and government. Their activities are integrated into maximized national power competing with other countries. In other words, the maximization of national strength is constrained by foreign states opposing to this nation. This book consists of three parts. Part I (politics) evaluates a new world order in the twenty-first century: which power will learn the world. Part II (economy) argues about the future of capitalism fighting for efficiency in growth as well as for equality in distribution. Finally, Part III (science and technology) analyzes digital transformation and national security issues of science and technology. Since history of human civilization is broad and deep, this author tries to deal with essential issues of international relations, economic policies, and science and technology for national security.

Détails de l'édition

• Éditeur: Independently published
• Date d'édition: 2020
• Langue: anglais
• ISBN 10: 1656263920
• ISBN 13: 9781656263926
• Reliure: Broché
• Nombre de pages: 392
• Coordonnées du fabricant: Manufactured by Amazon on behalf of the author; https://www.amazon.fr/hz/contact-us; ; c/o Amazon Media EU S.à.r.l., 38 Avenue John F. Kennedy; Luxembourg; L-1855; Luxembourg