Erewhon - Couverture souple

Butler, Samuel

Couverture souple

ISBN 10 : 172968744X ISBN 13 : 9781729687444

Editeur : CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018

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Erewhon includes include both of Samuel Butler's satirical "lost world" novels, set in the New Zealand-inspired mythical land of Erewhon (from 'Nowhere'). In Erewhon, Butler finds the freedom to ridicule aspects of British Victorian society, including religion, criminal punishment, and industrial society. Erewhon is a novel by Samuel Butler, published anonymously in 1872. The title is also the name of a country, supposedly discovered by the protagonist. In the novel, it is not revealed where Erewhon is, but it is clear that it is a fictional country. Butler meant the title to be read as the word Nowhere backwards, even though the letters "h" and "w" are transposed, therefore Erewhon is an anagram of nowhere. The book is a satire on Victorian society. The first few chapters of the novel dealing with the discovery of Erewhon are in fact based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand where, as a young man, he worked as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station for about four years (1860–1864), and explored parts of the interior of the South Island. Sometimes compared to Gulliver's Travels (1726), a classic novel by Jonathan Swift; the image of Utopia in this latter case also bears strong parallels with the self-view of the British Empire at the time. Samuel Butler (1835-1902) at Langar Rectory, Nottinghamshire, England, and was baptised on 17 December 1835. He was educated at Shrewsbury School from 1848 to 1854 and St John's College, Cambridge, from 1854 to 1858, when he graduated 12th in the Classical tripos, with first-class honours. But his impulse to escape the constraints of the church, education, law and the patriarchal family led him to decline ordination and persuade his somewhat imperious father to finance his emigration to New Zealand. He sailed on the Roman Emperor on 1 October 1859. Only a month before departure his preference had been for western Canada, and his passage to Lyttelton was originally booked on the Burmah, which disappeared without trace. Arriving at Lyttelton on 27 January 1860, Butler began 4� years' activity which did much to develop his distinctive energy and irreverence of mind. Seeking unclaimed sheep country, he explored the mountain headwaters of four of Canterbury's rivers between March and May 1860. At the Bealey, only the lack of a companion stopped him from being the first European to reach Arthur's Pass. He attained an almost equal distinction in New Zealand exploration by discovering and crossing the Whitcombe Pass on 3 February 1861, during a series of expeditions above the Rangitata with John Holland Baker. This provided the basis of the journey 'over the range' in Erewhon, and the achievement is commemorated in names such as Butler Saddle (from where they first saw the pass beyond the Rakaia), Mt Butler and the Butler Range. Such resourcefulness and stamina were not out of character. He had been a leading cross-country runner at Shrewsbury, the school which pioneered that sport, a coxswain and coach at Cambridge, and a strenuous alpine walker.

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