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Charles John Huffam Dickens ( 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the twentieth century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories enjoy lasting popularity.Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. Despite his lack of formal education, he edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, five novellas, hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms. William Wilkie Collins (8 January 1824 – 23 September 1889) was an English novelist, playwright, and short story writer. His best-known works are The Woman in White (1859), No Name (1862), Armadale (1866), and The Moonstone (1868). The last is considered the first modern English detective novel. Born into the family of painter William Collins in London, he lived with his family in Italy and France as a child and learned French and Italian. He worked as a clerk for a tea merchant. After his first novel, Antonina, was published in 1850, he met Charles Dickens, who became a close friend, mentor and collaborator. Some of Collins's works were first published in Dickens' journals All the Year Round and Household Words and the two collaborated on drama and fiction.Collins published his best known works in the 1860s, achieved financial stability and an international reputation. During that time he began suffering from gout. After taking opium for the pain, he developed an addiction. During the 1870s and 1880s the quality of his writing declined along with his health.Collins was critical of the institution of marriage and never married; he split his time between Caroline Graves, except for a two-year separation, and his common-law wife Martha Rudd, with whom he had three children.
Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on 7 February 1812 in Portsea Island (Portsmouth). He was the second child of his parents, John Dickens and Elizabeth Dickens. His father worked as a clerk in Navy Pay Office. In 1815, John Dickens was transferred to London, the whole family moved with him and settled in Kent, where Charles spent the early days of his life to the age of 11. Charles had a few years of private education in Chatham, Kent. By the end of 1822, the Dickens family was heavily indebted as they lived beyond their means. According to the laws of the day, John Dickens’ creditors forced him into the Marshalsea debtors’ prison in Southwark, London in 1824. The wife and youngest children joined him in the prison, according to the norms of the society. Charles was 12 years of age at that time. He moved with Elizabeth Roylance, a family friend, in Camden Town. Later, he lived in the house of an agent for the Insolvent Court, Archibald Russell. On Sundays, Charles used to spend his time at the Marshalsea with his sister Frances, who was studying at the Royal Academy of Music. To pay for his board and to help his family, Charles had no other choice but to leave school and work at Warren’s Blacking Warehouse located on Hungerford Stairs, near the present Chairing Cross Railway Station. He earned 6 Shillings a week for a 10-hour day work. The working conditions for labor class were very harsh in those days, Charles had to go through the hardest period of his life during these days. These hardships left a lasting impression on Charles’ intellect, most of his works revolve around the reform of socio-economic and labor conditions.
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