What happens when reason turns away from inherited systems—and demands a new foundation for knowledge?
Across the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, philosophers pressed a new set of questions to the limit: what can the mind know with certainty, what comes from experience, and what kind of political and moral order follows from human nature? From Medieval Philosophy to the Enlightenment, Volume IV, Part Two traces these arguments through four decisive currents of early modern thought.
Lecture 23. René Descartes: From Doubt to Truth, a Lifelong Journey.
Descartes begins by doubting everything that can be doubted. The cogito, clear and distinct ideas, the existence of God, and the division between mind and body become elements in an attempt to rebuild knowledge from a secure foundation. Can the thinking self establish the reality of a world beyond thought?
Lecture 24. Empiricism: From Experiment to Experience (Bacon, Hobbes, and Locke).
Bacon exposes the “idols” that distort judgment and redirects inquiry toward observation and experiment. Hobbes builds a materialist account of human nature, conflict, sovereignty, and the social contract. Locke grounds knowledge in experience and connects personal identity, natural rights, property, and government to the freedom and responsibility of the individual.
Lecture 25. Rationalism: The Mathematics of the Mind and the Faith of the Heart (Leibniz and Blaise Pascal).
Leibniz seeks the rational order of creation through monads, sufficient reason, pre-established harmony, and the problem of evil. Pascal confronts the fragility of human beings, the limits of demonstration, the claims of faith, and the necessity of decision under uncertainty. Leibniz extends rational explanation to creation itself; Pascal shows why questions of faith cannot be settled by proof alone.
Lecture 26. David Hume and Adam Smith: Skepticism and the Nature of Human Knowledge.
Hume submits causation, induction, the self, religion, and morality to skeptical analysis. Habit and sentiment acquire a central place in judgment. Smith extends the inquiry through sympathy and the impartial spectator, then turns toward labor, exchange, markets, and the moral conditions of social life.
Can certainty survive radical doubt? Does experience set the limits of knowledge? Can political authority be derived from human nature? Do morality and social order arise from reason, sentiment, interest, or sympathy?
Built for active study
Discussion, analytical, and comparative questions for classroom debate
Essay and research assignments for independent inquiry
Suggested readings: primary sources and essential scholarship
Who this book is for
The instructor teaching early modern philosophy, epistemology, political philosophy, or the history of philosophy—and looking for an early modern philosophy textbook students will argue with rather than skim.
The student who wants the arguments themselves, not a summary of them.
The independent reader seeking a serious, unhurried guide to the philosophical struggles that shaped the modern mind.
About this edition
SECOND REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION. Volume IV of The Secret Codes of the Mind is published in three separate parts—medieval philosophy, the modern era, and the Enlightenment—which together form a single conceptual volume. Part Two contains Module VI: Philosophy of the Modern Era.
Les informations fournies dans la section « Synopsis » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.
Andrew V. Kudin is a philosopher, legal scholar, and author with about four decades of academic and teaching experience. He holds a PhD in Philosophy and a PhD in Law. Dr. Kudin is the author of several academic works, including the six-volume philosophy textbook The Secret Codes of the Mind and the political philosophy series In Search of the Perfect State.
Les informations fournies dans la section « A propos du livre » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.
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Hardcover. Etat : new. Hardcover. The Secret Codes of the Mind: From Medieval Philosophy to the Enlightenment, Volume IV, Part Two is an academic study of early modern philosophy and the transformation of European thought during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It examines the search for new foundations of knowledge amid scientific inquiry, religious conflict, and changing conceptions of political authority while placing rationalist and empiricist arguments within a common struggle over the sources and authority of knowledge. The argument begins with competing accounts of method and expands into questions of causation and freedom, human nature, political authority, moral judgment, and the limits of reason.The inquiry opens with Rene Descartes, whose methodical doubt suspends inherited belief and seeks certainty in the cogito. His account of clear and distinct ideas leads into mind-body dualism, proofs of God's existence, and the problem of the external world. Francis Bacon approaches knowledge through the reform of method, exposing the idols that distort judgment and advancing inductive inquiry grounded in observation and experiment.Thomas Hobbes develops a materialist account of nature and human action, then carries it into political philosophy through the state of nature, the social contract, and sovereign authority. John Locke traces knowledge to sensation and reflection, examines the limits of human understanding, and connects his theory of mind with personal identity, natural rights, consent, property, and religious toleration.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz constructs a rational metaphysics of monads, the principle of sufficient reason, and pre-established harmony. His effort to reconcile divine perfection with the existence of evil gives the problem of theodicy a systematic form. Blaise Pascal subjects the reach of reason to a different test: mathematical thought, religious faith, the wager, and the tension between human greatness and wretchedness expose forms of uncertainty that demonstration cannot resolve on its own.David Hume places causation, induction, personal identity, morality, and religion under skeptical examination, challenging the rational foundations claimed for scientific inference and identifying the role of habit in the formation of belief. Adam Smith carries the inquiry into moral judgment and political economy, where sympathy and the impartial spectator explain how individuals evaluate themselves and others within the social relations of commercial life.Organized as Module VI: Philosophy of the Modern Era, the volume combines historical exposition with sustained philosophical analysis. Each section is supported by discussion, analytical, and comparative questions; essay and research assignments; and recommended primary and secondary literature. The book is designed for use as an undergraduate course text and as supplementary reading in graduate survey courses in early modern philosophy, epistemology, political philosophy, Western philosophy, and the history of philosophy. It is equally suited to independent readers seeking a documented introduction to the period.This Second Revised and Expanded Edition constitutes Part Two of Volume IV of The Secret Codes of the Mind. Volume IV is issued in three separately paginated parts-medieval philosophy, the modern era, and the Enlightenment-which together form a single conceptual volume. Each part is complete in itself and may be adopted independently. An academic study of early modern philosophy from Descartes and Bacon to Hume and Adam Smith. Includes discussion questions, essay assignments, and suggested readings for undergraduate and graduate course use. This item is printed on demand. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability. N° de réf. du vendeur 9781971325514
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Hardcover. Etat : new. Hardcover. The Secret Codes of the Mind: From Medieval Philosophy to the Enlightenment, Volume IV, Part Two is an academic study of early modern philosophy and the transformation of European thought during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It examines the search for new foundations of knowledge amid scientific inquiry, religious conflict, and changing conceptions of political authority while placing rationalist and empiricist arguments within a common struggle over the sources and authority of knowledge. The argument begins with competing accounts of method and expands into questions of causation and freedom, human nature, political authority, moral judgment, and the limits of reason.The inquiry opens with Rene Descartes, whose methodical doubt suspends inherited belief and seeks certainty in the cogito. His account of clear and distinct ideas leads into mind-body dualism, proofs of God's existence, and the problem of the external world. Francis Bacon approaches knowledge through the reform of method, exposing the idols that distort judgment and advancing inductive inquiry grounded in observation and experiment.Thomas Hobbes develops a materialist account of nature and human action, then carries it into political philosophy through the state of nature, the social contract, and sovereign authority. John Locke traces knowledge to sensation and reflection, examines the limits of human understanding, and connects his theory of mind with personal identity, natural rights, consent, property, and religious toleration.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz constructs a rational metaphysics of monads, the principle of sufficient reason, and pre-established harmony. His effort to reconcile divine perfection with the existence of evil gives the problem of theodicy a systematic form. Blaise Pascal subjects the reach of reason to a different test: mathematical thought, religious faith, the wager, and the tension between human greatness and wretchedness expose forms of uncertainty that demonstration cannot resolve on its own.David Hume places causation, induction, personal identity, morality, and religion under skeptical examination, challenging the rational foundations claimed for scientific inference and identifying the role of habit in the formation of belief. Adam Smith carries the inquiry into moral judgment and political economy, where sympathy and the impartial spectator explain how individuals evaluate themselves and others within the social relations of commercial life.Organized as Module VI: Philosophy of the Modern Era, the volume combines historical exposition with sustained philosophical analysis. Each section is supported by discussion, analytical, and comparative questions; essay and research assignments; and recommended primary and secondary literature. The book is designed for use as an undergraduate course text and as supplementary reading in graduate survey courses in early modern philosophy, epistemology, political philosophy, Western philosophy, and the history of philosophy. It is equally suited to independent readers seeking a documented introduction to the period.This Second Revised and Expanded Edition constitutes Part Two of Volume IV of The Secret Codes of the Mind. Volume IV is issued in three separately paginated parts-medieval philosophy, the modern era, and the Enlightenment-which together form a single conceptual volume. Each part is complete in itself and may be adopted independently. An academic study of early modern philosophy from Descartes and Bacon to Hume and Adam Smith. Includes discussion questions, essay assignments, and suggested readings for undergraduate and graduate course use. This item is printed on demand. Shipping may be from our Sydney, NSW warehouse or from our UK or US warehouse, depending on stock availability. N° de réf. du vendeur 9781971325514
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Hardcover. Etat : new. Hardcover. The Secret Codes of the Mind: From Medieval Philosophy to the Enlightenment, Volume IV, Part Two is an academic study of early modern philosophy and the transformation of European thought during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It examines the search for new foundations of knowledge amid scientific inquiry, religious conflict, and changing conceptions of political authority while placing rationalist and empiricist arguments within a common struggle over the sources and authority of knowledge. The argument begins with competing accounts of method and expands into questions of causation and freedom, human nature, political authority, moral judgment, and the limits of reason.The inquiry opens with Rene Descartes, whose methodical doubt suspends inherited belief and seeks certainty in the cogito. His account of clear and distinct ideas leads into mind-body dualism, proofs of God's existence, and the problem of the external world. Francis Bacon approaches knowledge through the reform of method, exposing the idols that distort judgment and advancing inductive inquiry grounded in observation and experiment.Thomas Hobbes develops a materialist account of nature and human action, then carries it into political philosophy through the state of nature, the social contract, and sovereign authority. John Locke traces knowledge to sensation and reflection, examines the limits of human understanding, and connects his theory of mind with personal identity, natural rights, consent, property, and religious toleration.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz constructs a rational metaphysics of monads, the principle of sufficient reason, and pre-established harmony. His effort to reconcile divine perfection with the existence of evil gives the problem of theodicy a systematic form. Blaise Pascal subjects the reach of reason to a different test: mathematical thought, religious faith, the wager, and the tension between human greatness and wretchedness expose forms of uncertainty that demonstration cannot resolve on its own.David Hume places causation, induction, personal identity, morality, and religion under skeptical examination, challenging the rational foundations claimed for scientific inference and identifying the role of habit in the formation of belief. Adam Smith carries the inquiry into moral judgment and political economy, where sympathy and the impartial spectator explain how individuals evaluate themselves and others within the social relations of commercial life.Organized as Module VI: Philosophy of the Modern Era, the volume combines historical exposition with sustained philosophical analysis. Each section is supported by discussion, analytical, and comparative questions; essay and research assignments; and recommended primary and secondary literature. The book is designed for use as an undergraduate course text and as supplementary reading in graduate survey courses in early modern philosophy, epistemology, political philosophy, Western philosophy, and the history of philosophy. It is equally suited to independent readers seeking a documented introduction to the period.This Second Revised and Expanded Edition constitutes Part Two of Volume IV of The Secret Codes of the Mind. Volume IV is issued in three separately paginated parts-medieval philosophy, the modern era, and the Enlightenment-which together form a single conceptual volume. Each part is complete in itself and may be adopted independently. An academic study of early modern philosophy from Descartes and Bacon to Hume and Adam Smith. Includes discussion questions, essay assignments, and suggested readings for undergraduate and graduate course use. This item is printed on demand. Shipping may be from our UK warehouse or from our Australian or US warehouses, depending on stock availability. N° de réf. du vendeur 9781971325514
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