Theory of Thermodynamic Measurements of Quantum Systems Far from Equilibrium - Couverture rigide

Shastry, Abhay

Couverture rigide

ISBN 10 : 3030335739 ISBN 13 : 9783030335731

Editeur : Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019

Synopsis

This thesis presents several related advances in the field of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. The central result is an ingenious proof that the local temperature and voltage measurement in a nonequilibrium system of fermions exists and is unique, placing the concept of local temperature on a rigorous mathematical footing for the first time. As an intermediate step, a proof of the positivity of the Onsager matrix of linear response theory is given -- a statement of the second law of thermodynamics that had lacked an independent proof for 85 years. A new experimental method to measure the local temperature of an electron system using purely electrical techniques is also proposed, which could enable improvements to the spatial resolution of thermometry by several orders of magnitude. Finally, a new mathematically-exact definition for the local entropy of a quantum system in a nonequilibrium steady state is derived. Several different measures of the local entropy are discussed, relating to the thermodynamics of processes that a local observer with varying degrees of information about the microstates of the system could carry out, and it is shown that they satisfy a hierarchy of inequalities. Proofs of the third law of thermodynamics for generic open quantum systems are presented, taking into account the entropic contribution due to localized states. Appropriately normalized (per-state) local entropies are defined and are used to quantify the departure from local equilibrium.

A propos du livre

À propos de l'auteur

Abhay Shastry is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Toronto. He received his PhD from the University of Arizona in 2018.

Détails de l'édition

• Éditeur: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
• Date d'édition: 2019
• Langue: anglais
• ISBN 10: 3030335739
• ISBN 13: 9783030335731
• Reliure: Relié
• Nombre de pages: 161
• Coordonnées du fabricant: Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH; ProductSafety@springernature.com; ; Europaplatz 3,69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg; Allemagne