Synopsis
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ii
List of Tables v
List of Figures v
INTRODUCTION 1
Progression of Text 4
Importance of this Work 6
Bibliography 6
CHAPTER ONE: IN THE SHADOW OF LADY LIBERTY 8
The Legal Basis for Stop-and-Frisk 9
Darker Days in The Big Apple 13
The Stop-and-Frisk Credit Contradiction 14
The Brownsville Blitz 16
Bringing up the Numbers 17
Bibliography 19
CHAPTER TWO: BROKEN WINDOWS OR BREAKING COMMUNITIES 22
Criticisms of Broken Windows 24
Breaking Windows and the Quality of Life 25
Policing the Community or Policing for the Community 28
Bibliography 36
CHAPTER THREE: THE IMPACT OF BROKEN WINDOW ON POLICE PRACTICES IN NEW YORK CITY 38
The Trends 40
The Constitutionality Challenge 42
The Cause? 43
Bibliography 45
CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYTICAL METHODS 47
Analytical Methods 49
The Principal Component Analysis 49
The PCA Data and Procedures 50
The Data Envelopment Analysis 52
The Location 53
Bibliography 54
CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYTICAL RESULTS 56
The Principal Component Analysis Dimension Extraction Results 56
PCA Regression Results for 2012 57
PCA Regression Results for 2014 59
The Data Envelopment Analysis Results 60
Group Efficiency Results 60
Borough Level Efficiency 63
The Best and the Worst Precincts 63
CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 65
Discussion 66
Stop-and-Frisk Environments 68
Stop-and-Fisk Efficiency 71
Conclusion 72
Bibliography 75
Index 76
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