Articles liés à Basement Regions
Synopsis
I The Fabric of Basement Terrains and its Controls on the Development of Landforms.- 1 Planation Surfaces in Basement Terrains.- 1.1 The Identification and Reconstruction of Planation Surfaces.- 1.1.1 Landscape Geometry through Morphometric Analysis.- 1.1.2 Sedimentary Cover Rocks as Stratigraphic Markers in Denudation Chronologies.- 1.1.3 Superficial Deposits and Basement Margin Sediments.- 1.1.4 In situ Weathering Products and Surface Geochemical Processes.- 1.2 Planation Processes and the Bioclimatic Environment.- 1.2.1 The Preservation of Flat-Lying Land Surfaces: Conditions and Context.- 1.2.2 Formative Processes.- 1.3 Conclusion.- 2 Morphostructural Units, Multi-Storeyed Scenery and the Origin of Escarpments in Basement Terrains.- 2.1 The Morphostructural Fabric and Evolution of Crystalline Basements.- 2.1.1 The Diversity of Morphostructural Units.- 2.1.2 Geological Structure in Crystalline Basements.- 2.2 Multi-Storeyed Landscapes at Passive Margins.- 2.2.1 The Structural Fabric of Basement Terrains.- 2.2.2 Denudation Chronologies at Passive Margins.- 2.2.3 Uplift Mechanisms and Geophysical Implications.- 2.3 The Hercynian Platform of Western Europe: Its Fragmentation and the Origin of Escarpments.- 2.3.1 Landscape Development in the Limousin (France): A Casebook of Geomorphological Controversy.- 2.3.2 The Eternal Dilemma: Neotectonics or Divergent Weathering?.- 2.3.3 Style and Scale of Crustal Deformation.- 2.4 Conclusion.- 3 Structural Landforms in Basement Terrains.- 3.1 Problems of Methodology.- 3.1.1 Differential Erosion and the Problem of Rock Hardness.- 3.1.2 Depths of Denudation and the Geometry of Igneous Intrusions.- 3.2 Etch-Basins and Alveolate Relief.- 3.2.1 Factors of Etch-Basin Development.- 3.2.2 The Age of Etch-Basins and Cauldrons.- 3.3 Residual Bedrock Landforms.- 3.3.1 Residual Landforms and Lithology.- 3.3.2 Residual Landforms and Joint Spacing.- 3.3.3 Tors.- 3.4 Homoclines and Related Strike Valleys.- 3.4.1 Homoclines in Layered Intrusion Complexes.- 3.4.2 The Occurrence of Homoclines in Other Structural Contexts.- 3.5 Conclusion.- II The Weathering of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks: Processes and Products.- 4 Rock Resistance and its Influence on Landforms in Basement Terrains.- 4.1 The Unequal Resistance of Rock Minerals to Hydrolysis.- 4.1.1 The Susceptibility of Minerals to Chemical Weathering.- 4.1.2 Ranking the Resistance of Minerals: Pitfalls and Limitations.- 4.2 Mineral Species, Petrographic Texture and Rock Resistance.- 4.2.1 The Search for a Chemical Index of Weathering for Crystalline Rocks.- 4.2.2 Difficulties of Interpretation.- 4.3 Rock Fracture, Crystal Cracks, Porosity and Rock Resistance.- 4.3.1 Joint Systems.- 4.3.2 Single-Grain and Multigrain Crack Systems.- 4.4 Conclusion.- 5 Chemical Weathering, Regolith and Climate in Metamorphic and Igneous Terrains.- 5.1 Late- and Post-Magmatic Alteration: Its Products and Significance in Landform Development.- 5.1.1 Identifying the Products of Hydrothermal Alteration.- 5.1.2 The Influence of Hydrothermal Alteration on Landform Development.- 5.2 In situ Saprolite in its Formative Climatic Environment.- 5.2.1 Chemical Weathering in Arctic, Sub-Arctic and Circum-Arctic Environments.- 5.2.2 Weathering in the Temperate Zone.- 5.3 Weathering in Mediterranean and Subtropical Transitional Regions.- 5.3.1 Two Varieties of Weathered Detritus.- 5.3.2 The Problem of Palaeosols.- 5.4 Weathering in Tropical Environments.- 5.4.1 The Debated Origin of Ironstone.- 5.4.2 The Search for Chronological Indicators.- 5.4.3 Different Generations of Weathering, or Different Forms of Weathering?.- 5.5 The Geochemical Approach to Weathering in Geomorphology.- 5.6 Conclusion.- 6 Cryogenic Processes and Ice-Related Restructuring of the Regolith in Metamorphic and Igneous Terrains.- 6.1 Frost Weathering in Crystalline Rocks.- 6.1.1 The Susceptibility of Rock Materials to Frost Weathering: Basic Determining Factors.- 6.1.2 The Characteristics of Frost-Generated Debris.- 6
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