Articles liés à Biochemical Sites of Insecticide Action and Resistance
Synopsis
Biochemical Processes Related to Insecticide Action: an Overview.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Chitin Synthesis Inhibition.- 3 Ecdysone and Juvenile Hormone Receptors.- 4 Acetylcholine Receptors.- 5 GABA and Glutamate Receptors and Ion Channels.- 6 Other Biochemical Sites.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- GABA and Glutamate Receptors as Biochemical Sites for Insecticide Action.- 1 Introduction.- 2 GABA Receptors in Mammals and Insects.- 2.1 Classification of GABA Receptors.- 2.2 Structure and Physiological Role of Insect GABA Receptors.- 2.3 Pharmacology of GABA Receptors.- 3 Summary of Effects of Convulsants and Avermectins on the GABA Receptor.- 3.1 Polychlorocycloalkanes and Related Norbornanes.- 3.2 Picrodendrin and Silphinene Natural Products.- 3.3 Fipronil and Fipronil Analogs.- 3.4 Trioxabicyclooctanes and Related Compounds.- 3.5 New Avermectins and the Mammalian GABA Receptor.- 3.6 Altered GABA Receptors in Resistance.- 3.7 Resistance to New and Experimental Insecticides.- 4 Glutamate-Gated Chloride Channels.- 4.1 Physiology, Pharmacology, and Molecular Structure.- 4.2 Effects of the Avermectins.- 4.3 New Avermectins and Their Uses.- 4.4 Target Site Resistance to the Avermectins.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Insecticides Affecting Voltage-Gated Ion Channels.- 1 Insecticides and Ion Channels.- 1.1 Scope and Aim.- 1.2 Voltage-Gated Ion Channels.- 2 Industrial Insecticides Targeting Ion Channels.- 2.1 Insecticides of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels.- 2.2 Insecticides of the Potassium and Calcium Channels.- 3 The Functional Diversity of Insecticides.- 3.1 Multiplicity of Effects.- 3.2 Distinction Between Mammals and Insects.- 4 Neurotoxic Polypeptides.- 4.1 Animal Group Specificity.- 4.2 Insect-Selective Neurotoxins Affecting the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels.- 4.2.1 Scorpion Venom Toxins.- 4.2.2 Spider Venom Toxins.- 4.3 Insect-Selective Neurotoxins Affecting the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel.- 5 Recombinant Baculovirus Bioinsecticides.- 6 Allosteric Coupling and Allosteric Antagonism.- References.- Acetylcholine Receptors as Sites for Developing Neonicotinoid Insecticides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.- 2.1 Structure.- 2.2 Diversity.- 3 Compounds Acting on the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.- 3.1 Radioligand Binding Studies.- 3.2 Neonicotinoids.- 3.2.1 Imidacloprid and Related Structures.- 3.2.2 Mannich Adducts as Experimental Pro-Neonicotinoids.- 4 Electrophysiological Considerations.- 4.1 Whole Cell Voltage Clamp of Native Neuron Preparations.- 4.1.1 Correlation Between Electrophysiology and Radioligand Binding Studies.- 4.2 Agonists vs. Antagonists.- 4.3 Receptor Subtypes in Locusta migratoria.- References.- Ecdysteroid and Juvenile Hormone Receptors: Properties and Importance in Developing Novel Insecticides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Ecdysteroids.- 2.1 Biology, Endocrinology and Molecular Biology.- 2.2 Receptors and Other Target Sites.- 2.3 Non-Steroidal Ecdysone Analogs and Their Mode of Action.- 2.4 Receptor-Based Screening Assays.- 2.5 Future Directions.- 3 Juvenile Hormone.- 3.1 Biology, Endocrinology and Molecular Biology.- 3.2 Receptors and Other Target Sites.- 3.3 JH Analogs and Their Modes of Action.- 3.4 Receptor-Based Screening Assays.- 3.5 Future Directions.- References.- Imaginal Discs and Tissue Cultures as Targets for Insecticide Action.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Imaginal Discs as Targets of Insect Hormones in Vivo and in Vitro.- 3 Insecticide Action in Vitro: Juvenile Hormone Mimics.- 4 Insecticide Action in Vitro: Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors.- 4.1 Organ Cultures.- 4.2 Cell Lines.- 5 Insecticide Action in Vitro: Ecdysteroid Agonists.- 5.1 Organ Cultures.- 5.2 Cell Lines.- References.- Insect Neuropeptide Antagonists: a Novel Approach for Insect Control.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Backbone Cyclic Neuropeptide-Based Antagonist (BBC-NBA) Approach.- 2.1 Determination of the Active Sequence in the Neuropeptide.- 2.2 Development of a Competitive Lead Antagonist.- 2.3 Improvement of the Antagonistic Ac
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