Articles liés à Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Gas Vehicles: Development...
Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Gas Vehicles: Development and Application of Site-Dependent Impact Indicators - Couverture souple
Synopsis
1 Introduction.- 2 Life Cycle Assessment.- 2.1 Life Cycle Assessment as an Instrument of Technology Assessment.- 2.2 Definition and Phases.- 2.3 Goal and Scope Definition.- 2.4 Inventory Analysis.- 2.5 Impact Assessment.- 2.5.1 General Framework and Impact Categories.- 2.5.2 Methods for Selected Impact Categories.- 2.5.2.1 Extraction of Abiotic Resources.- 2.5.2.2 Climate Change.- 2.5.2.3 Acidification.- 2.5.2.4 Nitrification.- 2.5.2.5 Human Toxicity.- 2.5.2.6 Photo-Oxidant Formation.- 2.6 Interpretation.- 3 Site-Dependent Impact Indicators for Human Health Effects of Airborne Pollutants.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Statistical Calculation of Class Averages.- 3.3 Classification of Emission Sites in Terms of Population Density.- 3.3.1 Classification Scheme.- 3.3.2 Radial Population Density Distribution.- 3.4 Atmospheric Dispersion of Pollutants.- 3.4.1 Dispersion of Primary Pollutants in the Short Range.- 3.4.1.1 Gaussian Dispersion Model.- 3.4.1.2 Generic Meteorological Data.- 3.4.1.3 Pollutant Concentrations.- 3.4.2 Long-Range Transport of Primary Pollutants and Formation of Secondary Pollutants.- 3.4.2.1 Windrose Trajectory Model.- 3.4.2.2 Pollutant Concentrations and Population Exposures.- 3.4.2.3 Analytical Estimates.- 3.5 Validity of the Statistical Assumptions.- 3.6 Results and Discussion.- 3.6.1 Traffic Emissions.- 3.6.2 Influence of the Emission Height.- 3.6.3 Variability of the Impacts within the Generic Spatial Classes.- 3.6.4 Relevance of Various Distance Ranges and of Street Canyons.- 3.6.5 Secondary Aerosols.- 3.6.6 Default Values for Other Countries.- 3.7 Summary and Conclusions.- 4 Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Gas Vehicles: Inventory Analysis.- 4.1 Goal and Scope Definition.- 4.1.1 Introduction to the Case Study.- 4.1.2 System Boundaries.- 4.1.3 Selection of Pollutants and Impact Categories.- 4.1.4 Functional Unit.- 4.2 Fuel Supply Chains.- 4.2.1 Natural Gas.- 4.2.1.1 Input Data.- 4.2.1.2 Emissions and Cumulative Energy Demand.- 4.2.1.3 Spatial Disaggregation.- 4.2.2 Diesel and Petrol.- 4.2.2.1 Input Data.- 4.2.2.2 Emissions and Cumulative Energy Demand.- 4.2.2.3 Spatial Disaggregation.- 4.2.3 Comparison of the Upstream Emissions.- 4.3 Buses.- 4.3.1 Vehicle Operation.- 4.3.2 Combination of Upstream and Vehicle Emissions.- 4.4 Cars.- 4.4.1 Vehicle Operation.- 4.4.2 Combination of Upstream and Vehicle Emissions.- 5 Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Gas Vehicles: Impact Assessment and Interpretation.- 5.1 Impact Assessment.- 5.1.1 Site-Dependent Assessment of Human Health Impacts.- 5.1.1.1 Upstream Processes.- 5.1.1.2 Damage Factors for Vehicle Emissions.- 5.1.1.3 Buses.- 5.1.1.4 Cars.- 5.1.2 Generic Assessment for Other Impact Categories.- 5.1.2.1 Buses.- 5.1.2.2 Cars.- 5.2 Interpretation.- 6 Summary and Outlook.- References.
Les informations fournies dans la section « Synopsis » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.
