Synopsis
1 Preservation of Cell Ultrastructure by Freeze-Substitution.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Cryofixed Cell.- 3 Freezing Methods.- 4 Specimen Preparation.- 5 Substitution.- 6 Problems and Artifacts Associated with Freeze-Substitution.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- 2 Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy of Fungi and Fungus-Plant Interactions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Specimen Preparation.- 3 Rapid Immobilization and Stabilization.- 4 Retention of Water.- 5 No Exposure to Chemicals, Fixatives or Solvents.- 6 Artifacts Specific to Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 7 Future Developments.- References.- 3 High Pressure Freezing of Rust Infected Plant Leaves.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Specimen Sandwich.- 3 Plunge Freezing vs. High Pressure Freezing.- 4 Infiltration of Leaves.- 5 Freeze-Substitution and Embedding.- 6 A Re-Evaluation of the Haustorial Host-Parasite Interface..- 7 Conclusions.- References.- 4 Cytochemistry of Fungal Surfaces: Carbohydrate Containing Molecules.- 1 Introduction.- 2 EM Probes for External Carbohydrates.- 3 EM Methods.- 4 Conclusion.- References.- 5 Analytical Electron Microscopy in Plant Pathology: X-Ray Microanalysis and Energy Loss Spectroscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 2 XRMA Principles.- 3 XRMA Detectors.- 4 Applications to Plant Pathology-XRMA.- 5 Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry (EELS) Principles.- 6 EEL Spectrometer Systems.- 7 Applications to Plant Pathology-EELS.- 8 Summary.- References.- 6 The Fine Structure of Virus Particles.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Spherical Plant Viruses.- 3 Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses.- 4 Filamentous Plant Virus.- 5 Discussion.- 6 Conclusion.- References.- 7 Immunoelectron Microscopy for Virus Identification.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Leaf-Dip Serology.- 3 Immune Complexes from Ouchterlony Plates.- 4 ISEM.- 5 Decoration.- 6 Mycoplasma-Like Organisms.- 7 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Cytochemistry of Virus-Infected Plant Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Light Microscopy.- 3 Electron Microscopy.- 4 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9 Immunolabeling of Viral Antigens in Infected Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Labeling.- 3 Initial Interaction.- 4 Site of Coat Protein Synthesis/Virus Assembly.- 5 Translocation of CCMV Genome.- 6 Detection of RNA.- References.- 10 Mechanisms of Plant Virus Transmission by Homopteran Insects.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Role of EM in the Elucidation of Transmission Mechanisms.- 3 Studies on Insect Structures Involved in Transmission.- 4 Special Problems in Studying Virus-Vector Relations by EM.- References.- 11 Specific Cytological Alterations in Virus-Infected Plant Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Viral Genome Products as Infection-Specific Constituents of Cells.- 3 Virus-Specific Alterations of the Cellular Membrane System.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- 12 Structure, Cellular Location, and Cytopathology of Viroids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure and Structural Transitions of Viroids.- 3 Complexes of Viroids and Polymerase.- 4 Intracellular Location.- 5 Prospects.- References.- 13 Immunological Detection and Localization of Mycoplasma-Like Organisms (MLOs) in Plants and Insects by Light and Electron Microscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Methods.- 3 In Situ Methods.- References.- 14 Interactions Between Pseudomonas and Phaseolus vulgaris.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Saprophyte.- 3 The Hypersensitive Reaction.- 4 The Compatible Interaction.- 5 Quantitative Analysis Using Transconjugants.- 6 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 15 The Fate of Peripheral Vesicles in Zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi During Infection of Plants.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Peripheral Vesicles in Phytophthora cinnamomi Zoospores.- 3 Exocytosis of Peripheral Vesicles During Encystment.- 4 Fate of the Large Peripheral Vesicles.- 5 Roles of Peripheral Vesicles During Encystment.- References.- 16 Hemibiotrophy in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Initial Penetration of Epidermal Cells.- 3 Intracellular Bio trophic Phase.- 4 The Host-Parasite Interface.- 5 Necrotrophic Phase.- 6 Basis of Nutritional Sh
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