Articles liés à Multiphoton Processes in Atoms
Synopsis
1. Introduction.- 2. AC-Stark Shift of Atomic Levels.- 2.1 Single-Level Quantum System.- 2.2 The Linear Stark Shift for a Hydrogen Atom in an Oscillating Field.- 2.3 Atomic Response to an External Oscillating Field.- 2.4 The Perturbation of Non-Degenerate Atomic States in a Weak Field.- 2.5 Perturbation of the Hydrogen Atom Spectrum in a Strong Field.- 2.6 Perturbation of Rydberg States in a Weak Field.- 2.7 Stark Effect in a Super-Atomic Radiation Field.- 2.8 The Stark Atom.- 2.9 AC-Stark Shift in Negative Ions.- 2.10 Dynamical Stark Resonance.- 2.11 AC-Stark Shift and Ionization.- 3. Ionization of a Particle with a Short-Range Potential Well.- 3.1 The Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss Approximation.- 3.1.1 The Keldysh Approach.- 3.1.2 The Reiss Approach.- 3.1.3 Other S-Matrix Approaches.- 3.1.4 Above-Threshold Ionization in Keldysh-Type Approaches.- 3.2 Model One-Particle Potentials of Negative Ions.- 3.2.1 Multiphoton Detachment of an Electron from H-.- 3.2.2 Multiphoton Detachment of Electrons from Complex Negative Ions.- 3.3 Residual Interaction Between Electrons.- 3.4 Removal of Internal Electrons from Negative Ions.- 3.5 Numerical Solutions for the Strong-Field Case.- 3.6 Experiments on Multiphoton Detachment of Negative Ions.- 3.6.1 Integral Rates and Cross Sections.- 3.6.2 Angular Distributions of Electrons.- 3.6.3 AC-Stark Shift of Photodetachment Thresholds.- 4. Tunneling Ionization of Atoms.- 4.1 Landau-Dykhne Adiabatic Approximation.- 4.2 Rates of Tunneling Ionization for Atoms and Ions.- 4.3 Energy Spectrum of Electrons.- 4.3.1 Linearly Polarized Radiation.- 4.3.2 Circularly Polarized Radiation.- 4.3.3 Non-Monochromatic Radiation.- 4.3.4 Ponderomotive Acceleration of Electrons.- 4.3.5 Angular Distributions of Ejected Electrons.- 4.4 Above-Barrier Decay of Atoms.- 4.5 Experimental Data and Interpretation.- 4.6 Relativistic Effects.- 5. Direct (Nonresonant) Multiphoton Ionization of Atoms.- 5.1 Multiphoton Ionization of Hydrogen Atom.- 5.1.1 Method of Sturmian Green's Functions.- 5.1.2 Other Methods for Calculation of Multiphoton Cross Sections.- 5.1.3 WKB Approximation for Multiphoton Ionization.- 5.1.4 Experimental Multiphoton Cross Sections of Direct Ionization of Hydrogen Atom.- 5.1.5 Polarization Dependence of Multiphoton Cross Sections.- 5.1.6 Photoelectron Angular Distributions.- 5.2 Alkali Atoms.- 5.2.1 Perturbation Theory Calculations of Multiphoton Cross Sections.- 5.2.2 Experimental Multiphoton Cross Sections.- 5.2.3 Polarization Dependence of Multiphoton Cross Sections.- 5.2.4 Dependence of Multiphoton Cross Sections on the Electron Ejection Angle.- 5.3 Atoms with Many Valence Electrons.- 5.3.1 Structure of Many-Electron Atoms.- 5.3.2 Experimental Multiphoton Ionization Cross Sections for Alkaline-Earth Atoms.- 5.3.3 Experimental and Theoretical Multiphoton Cross Sections for Atoms of Noble Gases.- 5.3.4 Nonperturbational Numerical Calculations.- 5.3.5 Residual Interactions Between Valence Electrons.- 5.3.6 Polarization Dependence of Multiphoton Cross Sections.- 5.3.7 Electron Angular Distributions.- 6. Resonance-Enhanced Ionization.- 6.1 Resonance-Enhanced Ionization in a Weak Field.- 6.2 Field Effects in Resonance-Enhanced Ionization.- 6.2.1 Hydrogen Atom.- 6.2.2 Alkali Atoms.- 6.2.3 Atoms of Noble Gases.- 6.2.4 Rabi Oscillations in Resonance Transitions.- 6.2.5 Non-Monochromatic Fields.- 6.3 Angular Distributions of Photoelectrons in Resonance- Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization of Atoms.- 6.4 Exotic Resonances.- 6.4.1 Quadrupole Resonances.- 6.4.2 Forbidden Resonances.- 6.4.3 Non-Resonant Excitation of Intermediate Resonances.- 6.5 Resonances with Autoionizing States.- 6.5.1 Structure of Autoionizing States.- 6.5.2 Multiphoton Ionization via Autoionizing States.- 6.5.3 Excitation of an Autoionizing State by a Weak Electromagnetic Field.- 6.5.4 Excitation of an Autoionizing State by a Strong Electromagnetic Field.- 6.5.5 Experimental Studies.- 6.6 Further Experiments.- 7. Above-Threshold Ionization of Atoms.- 7.1 T
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