The theory of knowledge is the most important part-in fact, the very foundation of the Nyaya system. This book is an attempt to give a complete account of the Nyaya theory of knowledge. It is a study of the Nyaya theory of knowledge in comparison with the rival theories of other systems, Indian and Western, and a critical estimation of its worth. Though theories of knowledge of the Vedanta and other schools have been partially studied in this way by some, there has as yet been no such systematic, critical and comparative treatment of the Nyaya epistemology. The importance of such a study of Indian realistic theories of knowledge can scarcely be overrated in this modern age of Realism. The scope of the book is limited to the history of the Nyaya philosophy beginning with the Nyaya-Sutra of Gautama and ending with the syncretic works of Annam Bhatta, Visvanatha and others. It does not, however, concern itself directly with the historical development of the Nyaya. Nyaya as an art or science of reasoning existed in India long before the time of Gautama, the author of the Nyaya-Sutra. As a matter of fact, it has been admitted by Vatsyayana, Uddyotakara, Jayanta Bhatta and others that Gautama was not so much the founder of the Nyaya as its chief exponent who first gave an elaborate and systematic account of an already existing branch of knowledge, called nyaya, in the form of sutras or aphorisms. It is in these sutras that the Nyaya was developed into a realistic philosophy on a logical basis. What was so long mere logic or an art of debate became a theory of the knowledge of reality. It is for this reason that the present work is based on the Nyaya-Sutra and its main commentaries.
The Nyãya philosophy is primarily concerned with the conditions of valid thought and the means of acquiring true knowledge of objects. Its ultimate end, like that of the other systems of Indian philosophy, is liberation-a state of pure existence- which is free from both pleasure and pain. For the attainment of this liberation, a true knowledge of objects is the surest means. Hence the theory of knowledge is the very foundation of the Nyãya system. The Nyãya Theory of Knowledge is the first systematic, critical and comparative treatment of the Nyãya epistemology. It reveals how, as a thorough-going realistic view of the universe, the Nyãya philosophy supplies an important Eastern parallel to the triumphant modern Realism of the West, and contains anticipations of as well as possible alternatives to many contemporary realistic theories. This book is important as much for the correct understanding of ancient Indian philosophy, as for the evaluation of modern Western philosophy.
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Hardcover. Etat : As New. Contents Preface. Introduction. I. Method of valid knowledge (Pramana) 1. Nature and forms of knowledge. 2. Valid knowledge and its method (Prama and Pramana). 3. Factors of valid knowledge (prama). 4. Test of truth and error. II. Perception as a method of knowledge (Pratyaksa Pramana) 5. Definition of perception. 6. Psychology of perception. 7. Ordinary perception and its objects. 8. Three modes of ordinary perception. 9. Extraordinary perception (Alaukika pratyaksa). III. Theory of inference (Anumana Pramana) 10. Nature of inference. 11. Grounds of inference. 12. Classification and logical forms of inference. 13. Fallacies of inference. IV. Upamana or comparison 14. Nature and forms of Upamana. 15. Upamana as an independent source of knowledge (pramana). V. Sabda or testimony 16. Nature and classification of Sabda. 17. Words (Pada). 18. Sentences (Vakya). 19. Other sources of knowledge. Index. The book is composed of Nyaya theory and its various factors such as pramana doubt (samsya) error (viparyyaya) hypothetical argument (tarka) etc. Definition of valid knowledge (prama) parmana (method of knowledge) Nyaya criticism of the Bauddha views of pramana Nyaya criticism of the Mimamsa and Sankhya views subject object and method of valid knowledge test of truth Buddhist Jaina Prabhakara Vedanta and Nyaya definitions of perception are also explained in detail in the book. The book also talks about ordinary perception extraordinary perception nature and definition of anumana (inference) grounds of inference classification and logical forms of inference fallacies of inference etc. Upamana (comparison) its Nyaya definition Jaina Mimamsa Vedanta views of Upamana its classification and Upamana as an independent source of knowledge are other aspects of the book with sufficient light thrown upon them. The book also deals with Sabda (testimony) its Nyaya definition and different kinds along with sounds and words and unity of words and the hypothesis of Sphota. In essence the book touches almost every aspect of Nyaya theory. And the order and presentation of matter in the book also contribute to make the book worth reading. 360 pp. N° de réf. du vendeur 72437
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