Introduction
VALERIA COSTANTINI AND MASSIMILIANO MAZZANTI
PART I
Modelling Macroeconomic Scenarios: Energy Issues, Economic Performances and Environmental Policy
1 The GTAP-E: Model Description and Improvements
ALESSANDRO ANTIMIANI, VALERIA COSTANTINI, CHIARA MARTINI, ALESSANDRO PALMA AND MARIA CRISTINA TOMMASINO
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Models
1.3 The GTAP Model
1.3.1 An Overview
1.3.2 The GTAP Database
1.3.3 Model Structure
1.4 The GTAP-E Model
1.4.1 Production Structure
1.4.2 Consumption Structure
1.4.3 CO2 Emissions and Related Parameters
1.4.4 The GTAP-E Revised Version
1.5 Model Improvements
1.5.1 CO2 Emissions Data Calibration
1.5.2 Updated Substitution Elasticities in the Capital-Energy Nest
1.5.3 Model Setting and Baseline
1.6 Conclusions and Future Research Steps
References
2 Carbon Leakage and Trade Adjustment Policies
ALESSANDRO ANTIMIANI, VALERIA COSTANTINI, CHIARA MARTINI, LUCA SALVATICI AND MARIA CRISTINA TOMMASINO
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Carbon Leakage as a Side Effect of Climate Policies
2.2.1 A Definition of Carbon Leakage
2.2.2 How to Design Carbon Border Tax Adjustments
2.3 Scenario Setting
2.4 Empirical Results
2.5 Conclusions
References
3 Theoretical Approaches to Dynamic Efficiency in Policy Contexts. The Case of Renewable Electricity
PABLO DEL RÌO AND MERCEDES BLEDA
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Theoretical Approaches to Analysis of Innovation Effects of RES-E Support
3.2.1 The Traditional Economics Perspective
3.2.2 The Systems of Innovation Perspective
3.2.3 The Literature On Learning Effects
3.3 Combining Different Perspectives: Points of Complementarity and Conflict
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 Energy Efficiency Policy in the US: The Impact of the Industrial Assessment Centres (IAC) Programme and State and Regional Climate Policy Actions
LUIS MARIA ABADIE, RAMON ARIGONI ORTIZ, IBON GALARRAGA AND ANIL MARKANDYA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Determinants of Investments in Energy Efficiency
4.2.1 Investment Decision: Previous Evidence
4.2.2 The IAC Database 2011
4.2.3 The Decision Concerning Energy Efficiency Investment in the IAC Programme
4.3 Impact of the IAC Programme and the US EPA State and Regional Climate Policies
4.3.1 Panel Data of Emissions
4.3.2 The State and Regional Climate Policy Actions
4.3.3 Estimations
4.4 Conclusions
References
Appendix
5 Porter Reloaded: The Role and Effectiveness of Environmental and Social Regulations for Realizing Innovation offsets and Enhancing Firm Competitiveness
MARCUS WAGNER
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Development of Research Questions
5.3 Data and Methods
5.4 Results
5.4.1 Case Based Analysis
5.4.2 Survey Analysis
5.5 Conclusions
References
PART II
Environmental Innovation and Competitiveness: Linking Micro, Meso and Macro Analysis in the Dynamics
6 Implications of Policy Uncertainty for Innovation in Environmental Technologies. The Case of
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