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Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Inthisvolumeyouwill ndthelecturenotescorrespondingtothepres- rd tationsgivenatthe3 summerschoolonAdvancedFunctionalProgramming, heldinBraga,PortugalfromSeptember12 19,1998. ThisschoolwasprecededbyearlieronesinB astad(1995,Sweden,LNCS925) andOlympia,WA(1996,USA,LNCS1129). Thegoalofthisseriesofschoolsis tobringrecentdevelopmentsintheareaoffunctionalprogrammingtoalarge groupofstudents. Thenotesarepublishedinordertoenableindividuals,small studygroups,andlecturerstobecomeacquaintedwithrecentworkinthefast developingareaoffunctionalprogramming. Whatmadethisschoolparticularlyinterestingwasthefactthatalllectures introducedusefulsoftware,thatwasusedbythestudentsintheclassestoget hands-onexperiencewiththesubjectstaught. Weurgereadersofthisvolumeto downloadthelatestversionofthissoftwarefromtheInternetandtrytodothe exercisesfromthetextthemselves;theproofoftheprogramisinthetyping. The rstlecture,onSortingMorphisms,servesasagentleintroductiontothe thingstocome. Ifyouhavealwaysbeenafraidoftheword morphism ,andyou havebeenwonderingwhatcatamorphisms,anamorphisms,hylomorphims,and paramorphimswereabout,thisisthepapertoread rst;youwilldiscoverthat theyaremerelynamesforrecursionpatternsthatoccuroverandoveragainwhen writingfunctionalprograms. Thealgorithmsinthepaperareallaboutsorting, andsinceyouarelikelytoknowthosealgorithmsbyheartalready,seeingthem structuredandanalyzedinanovelwayshouldserveasamotivationtoreadon tothesecondlecture. Thesecondlecture,onGenericProgramming,isalmostabookinabook. ThenotescanbeseenastheculminatingpointoftheSTOP-project,sponsored bytheDutchgovernmentattheendofthe80 sandthebeginningofthe90 s. Its overallgoalwasthedevelopmentofacalculationalwayofderivingprograms. The projecthasprovideddeeperinsightintorealfunctionalprogrammingandinto thetheorybehindmanythingscommonlywrittenbyfunctionalprogrammers. Oneofthemainachievementsoftheprojecthasbeentomakepeopleaware ofthefactthatmanyalgorithmscanbedescribedinadata-independentway. ThePolyPsystemintroducedinthesenotesisoneofthetranslationstothe Haskell-worldofthistheoreticalunderpinning. Thethirdlecture,onGenericProgramTransformation,canalsobeseenas anapplicationofthetheoryintroducedinlecturetwo. Manye ciency-improving programtransformationscanbeperformedinamechanicalway,andthesewould nothavebeenpossiblewithoutinsightintothecorrectnessofsuchtransfor- tionsgainedinthelectureonGenericProgramming. Thefourthlecture,onDesigningandImplementingCombinatorLanguages, introducesaneasytowriteformalismforwritingdownthecatamorphismsint- ducedinearlierchapters. Itisshownhowquitecomplicatedcatamorphisms,that at rstsightseemratherforbiddingbymakingextensiveuseofhigher-orderdo- VI Preface mains,canactuallybedevelopedinastep-wisefashion,usinganattributegr- marview;itisfurthermoreshownhowtorelatethiswayofprogrammingwith conceptsfromtheobject-orientedworldthusmakingclearwhatthestrengths andweaknessesofeachworldare. The fthlecture,titledUsingMetaML:AStagedProgrammingLanguage, introducestheconceptofpartialevaluation. Itservesasanotherinstanceof thequestfor themostgenericofwritingprogramsatthelowestcost . The stagingtechniquesshowhowcoststhatwereintroducedbyaddingextralevels ofabstraction,maybemovedfromrun-timetocompile-time. Ithasbeencommonknowledgetousersofmodernfunctionallanguagesthat thetypesystemcanbeagreathelpinshorteningprogramsandreducingerrors. Intheextremeonemightseeatypeasapredicatecapturingtheproperties ofanyexpressionwiththattype. InthesixthlectureonCayenne Spiceup yourProgrammingwithDependentTypesitisshowninwhatdirectionfunctional languagesaremostlikelytodevelop,andwhatmaybeexpectedofthenewtype systemstobeintroduced. Thelastlecture,titledHaskellasanAutomationController,showsthat writingfunctionalprogramsdoesnothavetoimplythatoneisboundtoremain isolatedfromtherestoftheworld. Beingabletocommunicatewithsoftware writtenbyothersinauniformway,isprobablyoneofthemostinteresting newdevelopmentsincurrentcomputerscience. Itappearsthattheconceptofa monad.
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