Biomarkers have emerged as an exciting tool in disease prevention, particularly in the workplace. They may be used to document workers' exposure to toxins, signal the onset of health effects, or identify individuals with susceptibility to certain environmental threats. But the uncertainty is as great as the potential. Are biomarkers suitable for widespread use? How can they be deployed in diverse contexts? How can biological information about workers be handled fairly and ethically?
Biomarkers and Occupational Health describes the state of biomarker development, including the implications of the Human Genome program, and presents a range of viewpoints on the future of biomarkers from the leaders in the field.
This book explores the three basic types of biomarkers (markers of exposure, markers of health effects, and markers of susceptibility to disease) from a variety of perspectives. It examines what can be learned from well-known exposure sites―Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Chernobyl, and the Hanford nuclear site in the United States, for example―and a wide range of human cases and animal studies. The book also explores the costs and ramifications of developing a large-scale program to monitor potentially exposed workers (e.g., at a cleanup site).
A framework is offered for the use of biomarkers based on the mandate to "change the environment before you change the worker." The book explores how to identify ethical issues, how to set development priorities, and how to integrate biomarkers into an occupational health and safety program.
The authors present the latest technical findings about markers for chronic beryllium disease as well as markers for exposure to carcinogens, radiation, and chronium―including prospects for detecting long-past exposures.
Biomarkers and Occupational Health offers an update on biomarker development and explores a wide scope of issues. This book will be important to occupational health professionals, biomedical researchers, toxicologists, epidemiologists, and labor and management officials involved in worker health issues.
Moritmer L. Mendelsohn, M.D., Ph.D., is Vice-Chairman of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Japan, which studies the long-term health effects of the atomic blasts in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and he is former Associate Director of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.
John P. Peeters, Ph.D., is a geneticist who is currently directing a division of the Office of Occupational Medicine for the United States Department of Energy.
Mary Janet Normandy, Ph.D., is a toxicologist who specializes in the metabolism of xenobiotics in mammalian systems. She is currently a member of the Department of Energy's Office of Occupational Medicine.
Table of Contents
- Front Matter
- Introduction
- Part 1 National and International Perspectives
- The Current Applicability of Large Scale Biomarkers Programs to Monitor Cleanup Workers
- Biomarkers -- A Perspective from the Commission of the European Communities
- The Role of the NIEHS in the Development of a National Program for Environmental Health Science Research
- Part 2 Ethical and Legal Considerations
- Legal Concerns in Worker Notification and the Use of Biomarkers in Medical Surveillance
- Biomedical Research Ethics Related to Biomarkers
- Biomarkers: The Down Side
- Part 3 Priorities, Costs, and Standards
- Application of Biomarkers: Getting our Priorities Straight
- Costs of Developing a Large-Scale Biomarker Program to Monitor Cleanup Workers
- Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Industrial Chemicals
- Part 4 Study Design
- Validation of DNA Adducts as Biological Markers of Carcinogen Exposure and Effects
- The Development, Validation, and Application of Biomarkers for Early Biologic Effects
- The Development, Validation, and Application of Biomarkers for HIV
- Quantitative Decision Support Systems for Surveillance and Clinical Applications
- Part 5 Cleanup Workers and Other Medical Needs
- Medical Surveillance at a Hazardous Waste Site
- Integrating Biomarkers into Health and Safety Programs
- Clinical Applications of Biomarkers in Occupational Medicine
- Part 6 Recent Technical Advances in Biomarkers Research
- Mutant p21 Protein as a Biomarker of Chemical Carcinogenesis in Humans
- Validation Studies for Monitoring of Workers Using Molecular Cytogenetics
- Molecular Cytogenetic Approaches to the Development of Biomarkers
- Biomarkers to Detect Radiation Exposures
- Dioxin Congeners Distribution in Biological Samples as Biomarkers for Exposure
- Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in Biomarker Research
- Implications of Large Scale DNA Analysis for the Development and Application of Biomarkers
- Epigenetic Biomarkers: Potentials and Limitations
- Flow Cytometry: A Powerful Technology for Measuring Biomarkers
- Part 7 Cases in Point: Monitoring Worker Exposures to Metals
- A Genetic Marker for Chronic Beryllium Disease
- Immunology of Chronic Beryllium Disease
- Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium in Isolated Erythrocytes
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- Index
Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, M.D., Ph.D., John P. Peeters, Ph.D., and Mary Janet Normandy, Ph.D., Editors; A Joseph Henry Press book
