Kurt Godel (1906-1978) was an Austrian-American mathematician, who is best known for his incompleteness theorems. He was the greatest mathematical logician of the 20th century, with his contributions extending to Einstein's general relativity, as he proved that Einstein's theory allows for time machines. The Godel incompleteness theorem - the usual formal mathematical systems cannot prove nor disprove all true mathematical sentences - is frequently presented in textbooks as something that happens in the rarefied realms of mathematical logic, and that has nothing to do with the real world. Practice shows the contrary though; one can demonstrate the validity of the phenomenon in various areas, ranging from chaos theory and physics to economics and even ecology. In this lively treatise, based on Chaitin's groundbreaking work and on the da Costa-Doria results in physics, ecology, economics and computer science, the authors show that the Godel incompleteness phenomenon can directly bear on the practice of science and perhaps on our everyday life.This accessible book gives a new, detailed and elementary explanation of the Godel incompleteness theorems and presents the Chaitin results and their relation to the da Costa-Doria results, which are given in full, but with no technicalities. Besides theory, the historical report and personal stories about the main character and on this book's writing process, make it appealing leisure reading for those interested in mathematics, logic, physics, philosophy and computer sciences. See also: youtube/watch?v=REy9noY5Sg8
Gregory Chaitin is an Argentinian-American mathematician and computer scientist. The author of many books and scholarly papers, Chaitin proved the Gödel-Chaitin incompleteness theorem and is the discoverer of the remarkable omega number, which shows that God plays dice in pure mathematics. Currently, he is attempting to create a mathematical theory of evolution and biological creativity, based on considering life as evolving software. He is a member of the International Academy of the Philosophy of Science and of the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy, and was awarded honorary doctorates from the University of Cordoba and the University of Maine. Chaitin is currently a visiting professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) in the program on Epistemology and History of Science and Technology (HCTE). He is also an honorary professor at the University of Buenos Aires.
Newton da Costa is a Brazilian logician whose best known contributions have been in the realm of nonclassical logics. Da Costa developed paraconsistent logics, that is, logical systems that admit inner contradictions. Da Costa has wide-ranging interests, which go from foundational issues in the philosophy of science to physics (general relativity and quantum theory); besides his development of paraconsistent logics, he introduced the concept of quasi-truth to deal with mutually inconsistent scientific theories. Da Costa has a B. Sc. in civil engineering and a PhD in mathematics. He has visited several major universities (Stanford, Berkeley, Paris VII among others) and published about 200 scientific papers and several books on logic and the foundations of science. In 2009, he became a Professor Emeritus at Unicamp (Campinas, Brazil). Newton da Costa is a member of the Institut International de Philosophie, of the International Academy of the Philosophy of Science and of the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy.
Francisco Antonio Doria is a Brazilian physicist. Doria is a Professor Emeritus at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, where he currently teaches economic theory at the graduate School of Engineering (UFRJ COPPE). Doria has a B. Sc. in chemical engineering and a PhD in mathematical physics. He has made contributions to the gauge field copy problem in quantum field theory and proved with Newton da Costa several incompleteness theorems in mathematics, physics and mathematical economics, including the undecidability of chaos theory. Doria is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy, was a Senior Fulbright Scholar at Stanford University, 1989-1990, and a visiting researcher at the mathematics department, University of Rochester.
