Managing our past into the future

Caribbean archaeological heritage is threatened by natural impacts but also increasingly by economic developments, often resulting from the tourist industry. The continuous construction of specific projects for tourists, accompanied by illegal practices such as looting and sand mining, have major impacts on the region's archaeological heritage. The geopolitical and cultural diversity of the Caribbean, the general lack of awareness of island histories and multiple stakeholders involved in the preservation process, have in many cases slowed down the effective enforcement of regulations and heritage legislation.

The development of archaeological heritage management (AHM) in the Dutch Caribbean islands started slowly in the early years of their semi-autonomy within the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1954 onwards. With the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles on 10 November 2010, Curaçao and St. Martin obtained a more autonomous status within the Kingdom, similar to Aruba has since 1986. Simultaneously, Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius became special overseas municipalities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Consequently, these islands now fall under Dutch regulations for cultural resource management. Irrespective of these geopolitical changes, AHM has been developing on the six islands over the past 25 years, partly because of the active role of localized island-specific archaeological institutions.

This volume provides a background to the history of archaeological research in the Dutch Caribbean and compiles a number of compliance archaeology projects that have been carried out under and in the spirit of the Valetta Treaty. In addition, with its discussion of the successful creation of localized community-based archaeological heritage associations serving as an excellent model for other island communities in the Caribbean, this volume represents a unique contribution to AHM in a wider regional perspective.

Contents

Introduction: the current status of archaeological heritage management (AHM) in the Dutch Caribbean
Corinne L. Hofman and Jay B. Haviser

A review of archaeological research in the Dutch Caribbean
Jay B. Haviser and Corinne L. Hofman

Achieving sustainable Archaeological Heritage Management in Aruba
Raymundo A.C.F. Dijkhoff and Marlene S. Linville

Heritage Management on Bonaire and Curaçao: a step towards an integral approach to heritage
Richenel Ansano and Claudia T. Kraan

Heritage Management and the Public Sphere: doing archaeology on Saba
Ryan Espersen

Skeletons in the closet: Future avenues for the curation of archaeological human skeletal remains in the Dutch Caribbean and the region as a whole.
Hayley L. Mickleburgh

Community Archaeology as an essential element for successful Heritage Management
Jay B. Haviser

Community engagement, local identity and museums: A review of past heritage initiatives and recent developments on the island of Saba
Helena Boehm

Amateur archaeological research on Curaçao
François van der Hoeven and Fred M. Chumaceiro

Archaeological assessment in compliance with the Valetta Treaty: Spanish Water, Curaçao
Menno L.P. Hoogland and Corinne L. Hofman

Early Valetta Treaty application at Slagbaai-Gotomeer, Bonaire
Jay B. Haviser

Archaeological research at Bethlehem, St. Maarten: an early Valetta Treaty project in the Dutch Windward Islands
Menno L.P. Hoogland, Corinne L. Hofman and R. Grant Gilmore III

"An emporium for all the world": commercial archaeology in Lower Town, St. Eustatius
Ruud Stelten

Three early examples of Valetta Treaty application in the Dutch Windward Islands
Jay B. Haviser

An archaeological assessment of Cul-de-Sac (The Farm), St. Eustatius: the Nustar project
R. Grant Gilmore III, Menno L.P. Hoogland and C.L. Hofman

Archaeology on St. Eustatius: heritage management of an 18th-century slave village at Schotsenhoek plantation
Ruud Stelten

Heritage Management on St. Eustatius: the Dutch West Indies headquarters project
R. Grant Gilmore III and Louis A. Nelson

Mapping sites, mapping expectancies, mapping heritage: The archaeological maps of St. Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten
Maaike S. de Waal, Jochem Lesparre, Jay B. Haviser, Menno L.P. Hoogland, Ryan Espersen and Ruud Stelten

Into the future for Archaeological Heritage Management in the Dutch Caribbean
Corinne L. Hofman and Jay B. Haviser

Corinne L. Hofman is Professor of Caribbean Archaeology at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, the Netherlands. She has conducted fieldwork – together with Dr. Menno Hoogland – in many of the Caribbean islands over the past 30 years. Her research and publications are highly multi-disciplinary and major themes of interest center around mobility and exchange, colonial encounters, inter-cultural dynamics, settlement archaeology, artefact analyses, and provenance studies. Her projects are designed to contribute to the historical awareness, preservation and valorization of indigenous heritage. Hofman has obtained numerous research grants from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), the Humanities in the European Research Area (HERA), and the European Research Council (ERC), as well as prestigious prizes. She is the PI of the NWO-Island Networks project and the ERC-Synergy NEXUS1492 project. She is the author of many articles, book chapters and edited volumes on Caribbean archaeology. Her two most recent books are Managing our Past into the Future (with Jay B. Haviser), Sidestone Press 2015 and The Caribbean Before Columbus (with William F. Keegan), Oxford University Press 2017.