"Moyen de substituer commodement l'action du feu, a la force des hommes et des cheveaux pour mouvoir les Machines" and bound WITH: "De la resistance causee dans les Machines, tant par les frottemens des parties qui les composent, que par roideur des cordes qu'on y employe, & la maniere de calculer l'un & l'autre" Both in Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences

AMONTONS, Guillaume. "Moyen de substituer commodement l'action du feu, a la force des hommes et des cheveaux pour mouvoir les Machines" and bound WITH: "De la resistance causee dans les Machines, tant par les frottemens des parties qui les composent, que par roideur des cordes qu'on y employe, & la maniere de calculer l'un & l'autre". Both of the papers appear in the same volume of "Suite des Memoires de Mathematique et de Physique de l'annee M. CCXIX tirees des Registres de l'Academie Royale des Sciences", Amsterdam, Pierre Mortier, 1734. 6.5x4" (168x100mm), paginated pp 151-366, with18 plates (six folding). Binding and Condition: full leather with raised bands. There is an old hand-lettered paper label on the spine, plus a small and tasteful bookplate and a small antiquarian rubber stamp on the title page a Very Good copy. [++] The first paper. "Moyens." ("Means of conveniently substituting the action of fire for the force of men and horses in order to move machines", with "move" meaning to drive the machine, to power the machine) appears on pp 159-179, and discusses Amontons' extraordinary "moulin a feu", a "fire windmill", or hot air engine. (The apparatus would heat the water, the expanding air then pushing the water into upper cells of the machine, which would forcemovment in the wheel by forcing water in upper cell to rotate the wheel.) The paper is illustrated with an engraving of the machine that is accompanied by a very thorough description of how it works and the numerous experiments conducted by Amontons on it. It is a very early appearance for what it is, preceding Robert Stirling's 1818 engine, which was the first of its kind set to a practical application. [++] "De la resistance causee." ("On the resistance caused in machines, both by the rubbing of the parts that compose them and by the stiffness of the cords that one uses in them, and the way of calculating both), appears on pp 259-286 (with five plates of data) . This is the statement of Amontons' law: "According to Amontons law, increasing the temperature of a gas while holding its volume constant increases the pressure of the gas. When gas particles heat up and gain energy, they move faster. This increases their collisions with each other and their container, causing greater pressure."--Wolfram Research. [++]".this behaviour of friction was rediscovered by Amontons (and is) now called Amontons' law of friction and holds for various systems at first approximation. The ratio of the friction force to the loading force is called the friction coefficient and according to Amontons' law, this coefficient does not depend on the loading force or the apparent contact area."--Otsuki &Matsukawa, "Systematic Breakdown of Amontons' Law of Friction for an Elastic Object Locally Obeying Amontons' Law", 2 April 2013. [++]"Amontons (1663 -1705) was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist (and) pioneer in studying the problem of friction. Among his contributions to scientific instrumentation were improvements to the barometer, hygrometer, and thermometer, particularly for use of these instruments at sea."--Wikipedia [++] "Between 1650-1750,Papin, Somerset, Savary, Newcomen opened the way to the steam engine.Amontons.was the first to propose in 1699 a heat-engine, using the expansion of air to provide the motive power. He called his machine a "fire-mill" which was a hot air engine with external combustion using the imbalance of water to generate direct rotation. His objective was clear and the title of his writing is explicit and says it all. His machine was meant for being used on an industrial scale. The fundamental principle leading his invention was to use heat to create mechanical work, which is the principle of all modern heat engine of our days."--Hot Air Engines dot org [++] WRITE for longer description. …