Phnom Penh Water Story: Remarkable Transformation of an Urban Water Utility

SECTION I

Chapter 1 About this book

1.1 Book outline

1.2 Readership of the book

1.3 Background to writing of this book

1.4 Book structure

Chapter 2 Understanding Cambodia

2.1 Cambodia

2.1.1 Political background

2.1.2 Administrative arrangements in Cambodia

2.1.3 Cambodian economy

2.2 Phnom Penh

2.2.1 Population

2.2.2 Area of Phnom Penh

2.2.3 Physical conditions

2.2.4 Economy

Chapter 3.

3.1 Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority

3.1.1 1959-1970: Period of expansion of water services (PPWSA 2020)

3.1.2 1970-1979: Period of conflict and instability

3.1.3 1979-1993: Period of turbulence

3.1.4 1993-2012: Transformation phase

3.1.5 Donor's role in revival of PPWSA during 2003-2012

3.1.6 Listing of PPWSA stock in 2012: A vote of confidence

3.1.7 Transformation of PPWSA under Ek Sonn Chan

3.2 Changing of the guard: 2012-2017

Chapter 4 Four domain (4-D) framework for analysis of urban water utility

Chapter 5 PPWSA: Analysis

5.1 Physical domain of PPWSA

5.1.1 Rivers and seasonal direction of flow

5.1.2 Water treatment plants, their location and source of surface water

5.1.3 Phnom Penh's raw water requirement and prime source of raw water in 2016

5.1.4 Future raw water demand and location of new water treatment plants

5.1.5 Outlook on raw water for Phnom Penh

5.2 Operational domain of PPWSA

5.2.1 Capacity and production of treated water

5.2.2 Distribution of pipeline length

5.2.3 Performance of the water supply network

5.2.4 Non-revenue water and unaccounted for water

5.2.5 Water Supply and Sanitation Branch

5.2.6 Customer mix

5.2.7 Quality of water

5.2.8 Customer care

5.2.9 Internal organisation structure and management team

5.2.10 Outlook on operational performance

5.3 Financial domain

5.3.1 Revenue mix

5.3.2 Production cost

5.3.3. Unit realisations

5.3.4 Financial ratios

5.3.5 Social fund by PPWSA

5.3.6. Financial outlook

5.4 Regulatory domain

5.4.1 Water agencies in Cambodia

5.4.2 Ministry of Industry and Handicrafts

5.4.3 Water sector plans and policies

5.4.4 Regulatory outlooks

Chapter 6 Gap analysis of four domains

SECTION II

1 Introduction

2 Key learnings for water utilities in developing countries

2.1 Leadership

2.2 Stability of Chief Executive tenure and culture of the organisation

2.3 Autonomous institution

2.4 Non-revenue water reduction

2.4.1 Effective leaks repair

2.4.2 Updating customer base

2.4.3 Metering of all service connections

2.4.4 Fight against illegal connections

2.4.5 Standardised design of last mile service-connection

2.4.6 Gradual replacement of the old supply network

2.4.7 District metering area (DMA) programme

2.4.8 Introduction of internal service contracts

2.5 Data availability and reporting

2.6 Standardisation of treatment plant size

2.7 Connections to the poor

3 Key challenges for PPWSA and water services in Phnom Penh

3.1 Human resource planning and implementation in PPWSA

3.2 Phnom Penh Urban Master Plan

3.3 Evolving regulatory domain

3.4 Lack of financial support to PPWSA from government sources

3.5 Lack of centralised sewerage system in Phnom Penh

3.6 PPWSA listing on Cambodia Stock Exchange

4 Customer interviews

Asit K. Biswas is one of the world's leading authorities on water, environment and development-related issues. A distinguished academic, he has been an advisor and confidant to Presidents, Prime Ministers and Ministers in 21 countries, six Heads of United Nations Agencies, two Secretary-Generals of OECD, several Heads of bilateral aid agencies, and four CEOs or Chairmen of major MNCs. He has received numerous international awards, including Stockholm Water Prize, considered to be the Nobel Prize for water. Recipient of seven Honorary Doctorates from leading global universities, he is the author of 88 books. His work has been translated into 42 languages.

Pawan K. Sachdeva is an engineer with a MBA and a Master's degree in public policy. He has consulted and researched on the performances of water utilities in many states of India, different urban centres of Cambodia, and other Asian cities. At present he is a Non-Executive Director ofWater Management International Private Ltd. of Singapore. He has also been an Adjunct Professor to Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (India).

Cecilia Tortajada has been an advisor to major international institutions like FAO, UNDP, JICA, ADB, OECD, IDRC and GIZ, and has worked in numerous countries in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Europe on water and natural resources management and environment policies. Winner of the prestigious Crystal Drop Award of the International Water Resources Association, she is also a member of the OECD Initiative on Water Governance and member of the International Selection Committee, Millennium Technology Prize, Technology Academy Finland. She is a past President of the International Water Resources Association and Editor‐in‐Chief of the International Journal of Water Resources Development. She is the author and editor of more than 40 books. A leading global authority on urban water and wastewater management, her work has been translated into seven languages.