In three carefully researched volumes, this ground-breaking study examines the gift of tongues through 2,000 years of church history. Starting in the present and working back in time, these volumes consider (1) the modern redefinition of "tongues" as a private prayer language; (2) the church's perennial understanding of "tongues" as ordinary human languages; and (3) the Corinthian "tongues," which, in light of Jewish liturgical tradition, turn out to have been a foreign liturgical language (Hebrew or Aramaic) requiring bilingual interpreters. In the first volume, the authors establish that modern glossolalia, far from being a supernatural gift enjoyed by certain believers since the time of Pentecost and undergoing a resurgence in modern times, has no precedent in church life prior to the nineteenth century. They discuss why German theologians, responding to the Irvingite revival, coined the term "glossolalia" in the 1830s; why Pentecostals between 1906-8 quietly began redefining "tongues" to mean a heavenly language unintelligible to human beings but pleasing to God, instead of foreign languages useful for evangelism; why Protestant cessationists believed miraculous tongues had ceased; and why interpolated idioms like "unknown tongues" in Protestant Bibles were aimed originally at Rome's use of Latin.
Philip E. Blosser is a professor of philosophy at Sacred Heart Major Seminary in Detroit. Born in China and raised in Japan, he studied at Hesston College, and Calvin College, and earned his BA in Far Eastern Studies at Sophia University (Tokyo), his MA in Religion at Westminster Theological Seminary (Philadelphia), his MA in Philosophy at Villanova University, and his Ph.D. in philosophy at Duquesne University. He taught at Duquesne University, Lenoir-Rhyne University, Harlaxton College (UK), and in the Great Books Program at Wildacres in Little Switzerland, NC, before taking his present position in Detroit.
His research interests include Phenomenology (Scheler, Von Hildebrand, Wojtyla, ethics, aesthetics), the Kyoto School (Nishida, Watsuji, Nishitani), Religion (Buddhist philosophy, Catholic-Protestant relations, Church history, Patristics, Cardinal Newman, and liturgical history). He has taught in the areas of ethics, philosophy of law, metaphysics, logic, aesthetics, philosophy of nature, philosophical anthropology, and the history of philosophy. He is a Catholic convert (since 1993) and has a family of five children (most of them now with families of their own) and fifteen grandchildren and four foster-grandchildren (as of 2022).
Charles A. Sullivan is an independent scholar and linguist with interests in church history.