Surface, Sub-Surface Hydrology and Management

The suggested book illustrates a geospatial and geostatistical approach to data analysis, modelling, risk assessment, and visualization, as well as surface and subsurface hydrological condition management solutions in many elements of water-induced hazards. This book investigates cutting-edge methodologies based on open source software and R statistical programming and modelling in current decision-making procedures, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in data mining techniques and robust modelling in water-induced hydrological hazard.

This proposed book would assemble a collection of contemporary breakthroughs and rigorous uses of geospatial and geostatistical techniques, as well as their application in the field of surface and subsurface water-induced hazards. Soil conservation service-curve number (SCS-CN), machine learning algorithms (MLA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), multi influencing factor (MIF), principal component analysis (PCA), mann-kendall non parametric test, artificial neural networks (ANN), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms, and others are among the techniques covered.

Its covers major topics such as: surface runoff and storage, Aquifer forms, aquifer size, and aquifer components, and their connection to the geological sequence, flow direction, storage, and hydraulic conductivity, present yield of the groundwater. Spatio-temporal variation of groundwater depth and its association with numerous physical parameter like Rainfall, NDVI, NDWI, Drainage density, Drainage frequency, Land use and land cover, numerous hydro-chemical facies such as Wilcox diagram, Donne's diagram, Gibb's mechanism will be incorporated to validate the different features of groundwater, present and potential groundwater conservation condition also be discussed on the basis of its continuous number of applications, groundwater quality, potential refilling experiments will be implemented utilizing different decision-making strategies and, eventually, potential maps for the efficient use of groundwater supplies will be planned etc. The topics of this book will be of value to earth and environmental scientists, experts, and authorities.

This book will look at geospatial modelling and the management of surface and subsurface water resources. The world is rapidly running out of fresh water; severe water shortages have been reported in many parts of the world in recent years. The total amount of groundwater extracted has been gradually increasing globally, and unsustainable water stress has resulted in severe declines in groundwater levels in many locations. Groundwater resource exploitation has occurred at a rate that prevents the water table from recovering its losses. As a result, shallower aquifers dried up, river water levels dropped, and wells were dug continuously. Population participation in natural soil distribution and management is vital for future existence. Water is a critical common service, not a governmental asset. Recent and expected trends indicate that future water challenges will become more complex. The decline in the groundwater table has now become a critical issue in maintaining India's economic prosperity. As a result, assessing the danger of groundwater and effectively managing it in this critical situation is critical. A link between three technologies, including remote sensing (RS), GIS, and the R programming environment, is recognized to be particularly useful in this respect. However, this book will serve as a viable guidance to identify the most recent advancements in geospatial, geostatistical techniques and their application in the field of surface and subsurface water-induced hazards throughout the world.

Dr. Subodh Chandra Pal, Assistant Professor has been working in the Postgraduate Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. He received his Ph.D. in Geography from Visva-Bharati (Central University in India) in 2015. His main fields of expertise are fluvial geomorphology, pedo-geomorphology, land degradation, soil erosion, gully erosion, landslide vulnerability, climate change, water resources monitoring and management and published more than hundreds international and national research articles in various renowned journals. His research work has been funded by the University Grants Commission (UGC), Govt. of India and Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. Dr. Pal has served as a reviewer for many International reputed journals.

Dr. Uday Chatterjee is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Geography, Bhatter College, Dantan, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India and an Applied Geographer with a Doctoral Degree in Applied Geography at Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India. His areas of research interest cover Urban Planning, Social and Human geography, Applied Geomorphology, Hazards & Disasters, Environmental Issues, disaster governance, community-based disaster risk management, climate change adaptation, urban risk management, and disaster. He has delivered 07 invited lectures in University Grants Commissions (UGC) sponsored national seminars and various academic departments of different colleges in India. In addition, he presented 18 papers in national and international seminars/conferences held in India as well as chaired and co-chaired more than 5 technical sessions. He has successfully guided project dissertations to undergraduate students. He has also conducted (Convener) one Faculty Development Programme on 'Modern methods of teaching and advanced research methods' sponsored by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), Govt. of India. Currently, Dr. Uday Chatterjee has completed the Special Issue (S.I) of Urbanism, Smart Cities and Modelling, Geojournal, Springer as a Lead Editor, book series editor Development in Environmental Science, Elsevier. His research work has been funded by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB) Govt. of West Bengal, India. He has served as a reviewer for many International journals. Currently, Dr. Chatterjee doing the international project, in collaboration with Indonesia, Malaysia, and Japan funded by APN (Asia Pacific- Global Change Research) and he is the guest editor of the special issue Social Ecology, Human-Well-being and Sustainability, Global Social Welfare journal, Springer. He has published 30 research papers,10 edited books, and 2 author books, 11 book chapters, and 2 conference proceedings.