Sustainable Energy-Water-Environment Nexus in Deserts

This book addresses challenges and opportunities in the Energy-Water-Environment (EWE) nexus, with a particular focus on research and technology development requirements in harsh desert climates. Its chapters include selected contributions presented during the 1st international conference on sustainable Energy-Water-Environment nexus in desert climates (ICSEWEN-19) held at the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI) in Doha, Qatar in December 2019. This volume is comprised of three main chapters, each describing important case studies and progress on water, energy and environmental questions. A fourth chapter on policies and community outreach on these three areas is also included. This compilation aims to bridge the gap between research and industry to address the socioeconomic impacts of the nexus imbalance as perceived by scientists, industrial partners, and policymakers. The content of this book is of particular importance to graduate students, researchers and decision makers interested in understanding water, energy and environmental challenges in arid areas. Re searchers in environmental and civil engineering, chemistry, hydrology and environmental science can also find unique in-situ observations of the current nexus imbalance in deserts climate to validate their investigations. It is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in water, energy, environment and food sectors to understand the rapidly evolving landscape of the EWE nexus in arid areas. The analyses, observations and lessons-learned summarized herein are applicable to other arid areas outside North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula as well, such as central Australia, the southwest of the United States and deserts in central Asia.

Dr. Essam Heggy is the Director of the Earth Sciences Program at the Qatar Environmental and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Research Scientist at the Microwave Systems, Sensors and Imaging Lab (MiXIL) at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in Viterbi School of Engineering at the University of Southern California, and an Affiliate of the Radar Science & Engineering Section (3340) at the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Heggy obtained both MSc. and PhD. with distinguished honors from the Sorbonne University in France. His research focuses on understanding the response of fossil aquifers in hyper-arid environments to climatic and anthropogenic stresses as well as on understanding volatile evolution on several planetary surfaces. His work involves probing structural, hydrological and volcanic elements in terrestrial and other planetary environments using different types of radar imaging and sounding techniques as well as measuring the electromagnetic properties of rocks, meteorites and ices in the radar frequency range. Heggy's research expertise spans from laboratory electromagnetic characterization of terrestrial samples and planetary analog materials, radar sounding of aquifers in hyper-arid environments, SAR and InSAR image analyses, GPR surveys in desertic, volcanic and ice-rich environments, FDTD numerical simulations of radar wave propagation, and data processing and interpretation for different terrestrial and planetary radar missions. He is currently a member of the science teams of the MARSIS instrument aboard the Mars Express orbiter (2003-present), the Mini-SAR experiment aboard Chandrayaan-1, the Mini-RF experiment on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (2008-present), the CONSERT radar experiment aboard the Rosetta mission (2004-present) and the WISDOM Ground Penetrating Radar onboard the ESA EXOMARS Mars Rover in 2022. Heggy is the Principal Investigator of a sounding radar mission concept currently under formulation, that aims to determine the thickness of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica and the occurrence and spatial distribution of shallow aquifers in the most arid desertic regions on Earth and how both systems respond to climatic and anthropogenic stresses. Heggy has taught several academic classes on electromagnetic geophysical methods and mentored postdoctoral researchers and graduate students in UCLA, USC, Caltech, Cambridge University, Paris VI & Paris VII universities, Institut de Physique du Globe, Ecole Normale Superieure, University of Houston, Trento University, University of Torino, Cornell University and Columbia University. Heggy authored and co-authored more than 70 peer review scientific papers in the top tier journals in Earth and Planetary Sciences including Science and Nature and more than 200 proceedings and abstracts in international conferences with peer review committees.

Dr. Verónica Bermúdez is a Senior Research Director at Qatar Environment Research Institute (QEERI) where she is the Director of the Energy Center and leads the efforts in research, technology development and innovation in Energy. Prior to joining the organization in 2018, she was Acting General Manager of the Technology Division of the Atsugi Research Center at Solar Frontier KK in Japan. She has also held a position of Principal Scientist at EDF R&D, Senior Scientist at NEXCIS (start-up) and Head of the Optoelectronic Characterization Laboratory at IRDEP (EDF) in France, between others. She is in the Advisory Board of a number of entities. Verónica has a PhD in Physics from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), and holds a number of international awards for her research activity. She is an Associate Editor in Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy and acts as independent expert for a number of international funding agencies as the European Commission, and European National funding bodies. She is also the author or co-author of more than 120 scientific papers in renown journals, including Nature, Nature Energy and Science, has deliver a large number of invited and keynote talks in several international conferences, as well as has a relevant patent portfolio. She has extensive experience in laboratory to industry research and technology transfer in the field of Renewable Energy, in almost the whole value chain, from materials development to grid integration for generation, storage and energy management solutions. She is IEEE Senior Fellow and is actively engaged in promoting science among the youth, with a focus on STEM for women. Her research interests are sustainable energy solutions and carbon management as an asset for sustainability and carbon Net-Zero industrial solutions.

Dr. Marc VERMEERSCH is the Executive Director of the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI). He is leading scientific and technology research, development and innovation at QEERI, to tackle Qatar's Energy and Water Security Grand Challenges, and Environmental issues, while also addressing the impact of climate change on the State of Qatar and the region. During the last three years, he has transitioned the institute mandate from pure academic into a market-driven, applied research business unit, contracting key, strategic partnerships with highly ranked partner institutions and initiating financial sustainability through revenue generation from contracted services. With more than 25 years of experience in research and innovation, Dr. VERMEERSCH has joined Qatar Foundation (QF) with first-hand knowledge in research, development and deployment (RD&D), as well as technology transfer and manufacturing. Prior to his appointment at QF, he worked at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST - 2014) as a Professor of Practice and as the Managing Director of the Solar Center. Before joining KAUST, Dr. Marc VERMEERSCH has been working for more than eight years for the French oil and gascompany TOTAL (2006), where is initiated the R&D in solar energy and triggered the Group's business in sustainable energy sources. He started his industrial career with the French Group SAINT-GOBAIN (1995) where he occupied several positions (11 years) in technology transfer and product development, as well as support to business deployment and quality management. Professionally, Dr. VERMEERSCH is a strong team builder, integrator and federative in challenging environments. His vast experience in management and executive leadership, built on industrial, technological, and scientific knowledge at the international level, reaffirms his conviction that innovation is a culture necessary for the sustainable progress of companies and institutions, as well as for the balanced and harmonious development of humans.