Visualization of Time-Oriented Data

This is an open access book.

Time is an exceptional dimension with high relevance in medicine, engineering, business, science, biography, history, planning, or project management. Understanding time-oriented data via visual representations enables us to learn from the past in order to predict, plan, and build the future.

This second edition builds upon the great success of the first edition. It maintains a brief introduction to visualization and a review of historical time-oriented visual representations. At its core, the book develops a systematic view of the visualization of time-oriented data. Separate chapters discuss interaction techniques and computational methods for supporting the visual data analysis. Many examples and figures illustrate the introduced concepts and techniques.

So, what is new for the second edition? First of all, the second edition is now published as an open-access book so that anyone interested in the visualization of time and time-oriented data can read it. Second, the entire content has been revised and expanded to represent state-of-the-art knowledge. The chapter on interaction support now includes advanced methods for interacting with visual representations of time-oriented data. The second edition also covers the topics of data quality as well as segmentation and labeling. The comprehensive survey of classic and contemporary visualization techniques now provides more than 150 self-contained descriptions accompanied by illustrations and corresponding references. A completely new chapter describes how the structured survey can be used for the guided selection of suitable visualization techniques.

For the second edition, our TimeViz Browser, the digital pendant to the survey of visualization techniques, received a major upgrade. It includes the same set of techniques as the book, but comes with additional filter and search facilities allowing scientists and practitioners to find exactly the solutions they are interested in.

Wolfgang Aigner is the scientific director at the Institute of Creative\Media/Technologies at the St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Austria and adjunct professor at TU Wien, Austria. In 2013, he received his habilitation in computer science for his work on "Interactive Visualization and Data Analysis: Visual Analytics with a Focus on Time" from TU Wien. From 2006 to 2010, he was deputy head of the Department of Information and Knowledge Engineering at Danube University Krems, Austria and from 2010 to 2013, he was deputy head of the Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise for Visual Analytics Science and Technology (CVAST) at TU Wien, Austria. Dr. Aigner is an expert in information visualization and visual analytics, particularly in the context of time-oriented data, where he has authored and co-authored more than 140 scientific publications. He served as program committee member and chair for various scientific conferences and acts as associate editor for scientific journals. He has received national awards for his research work, was awarded a Top Cited Article 2005-2010 from Pergamon/Elsevier, and received a best paper honorable mention at the IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST). Since 2002, Wolfgang has been involved in the acquisition and execution of a number of funded basic and applied research projects at the national and international levels.

Silvia Miksch is a university professor and head of the research division "Visual Analytics" (CVAST), Institute of Visual Computing and Human-Centered Technology, TU Wien since 2015. She has been head of the Information and Knowledge Engineering research group, Institute of Software Technology & Interactive Systems, TU Wien from 1998 to 2015. From 2006 to 2010 she was university professor and head of the Department of Information and Knowledge Engineering (ike) at Danube University Krems, Austria. In April 2010 she established the awarded Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise for Visual Analytics Science and Technology (CVAST) funded by the Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth of the Republic of Austria. Silvia has acquired, led, and has been involved in several national and international applied and basic research projects. She served as paper co-chair of several conferences including IEEE VAST 2010, 2011, and 2020 and overall papers chair IEEE VIS 2021 as well as EuroVis 2012, and on the editorial board of several journals including IEEE TVCG and CGF. She acts on various strategic committees, such as the VAST and EuroVis steering committees as well as the VIS executive committee. In 2020 she was inducted into the IEEE Visualization Academy. Furthermore, she acts as scientific reporter in the board of the Austrian Research Fund (FwF) and is advisory board member of the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF). She has more than 300 scientific publications and her main research interests are visualization and visual analytics over time and space with particular focus on interaction techniques, network-based, knowledge-assisted, and guidance-enriched methods.

Heidrun Schumann is a professor emeritus at the University of Rostock, Germany, where she was heading the Chair of Computer Graphics at the Institute for Visual & Analytic Computing. She received doctoral degree (Dr.-Ing.) in 1981 and post-doctoral degree (Dr.-Ing. habil.) in 1989. Her research and teaching activities cover a variety of topics related to computer graphics, including information visualization, visual analytics, and rendering. She is interested in visualizing complex data in space and time, combining visualization and terrain rendering, and facilitating visual data analysis with progressive methods. A key focus of Heidrun's work is to intertwine visual, analytic, and interactive methods for making sense of data. Heidrun published more than two hundred articles in top venues and journals. She co-authored the first German textbook on data visualization in 2000 and a textbook specifically on the visualization of time-oriented data in 2011. In 2014, Heidrun was inducted as a Fellow of the Eurographics Association. In 2020, she was awarded with the Fraunhofer Medal. In the same year, she was inducted to the IEEE Visualization Academy.

Christian Tominski is a professor at the Institute for Visual & Analytic Computing at the University of Rostock, Germany. He received doctoral (Dr.-Ing.) and post-doctoral (Dr.-Ing. habil.) degrees in 2006 and 2015, respectively. In 2021, he was granted the title of professor (apl. Prof.) for human-data interaction. His main research interests are in visualization of and interaction with data. He is particularly interested in effective and efficient visual analytics techniques for interactively exploring, analyzing, and editing complex data. Christian has published numerous papers on new visualization and interaction techniques for multivariate data, temporal data, geo-spatial data, and graph data. In his work, he emphasizes conceptual aspects and aims to systematically investigate visual analytics challenges. He co-authored three books, including a book on the visualization of time-oriented data in 2011, a book focusing on interaction for visualization in 2015, and a more general book about interactive visual data analysis in 2020. Christian is the maintainer of several visual analytics systems and visualization tools, including the LandVis system for spatio-temporal health data, the VisAxes tool for time-oriented data, the CGV system for coordinated graph visualization, the Responsive Matrix Cells for exploring and editing multivariate graphs, and the TimeViz Browser for visualization techniques for time-oriented data.