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Kalander (frz. calandre - role) is a system from several heated and polished rollers from bowl chill casting or steel, arranged one on the other, whose columns a material is passed through. It serves for the production of foils made of plastics (PVC, PE, HP etc.), rubber and metals (aluminum, tin).With plastics with the Kalandertechnik comparatively thick foils are manufactured. These are used then e.g. into the Pharmaindustrie for Blister (display package). Thin foils from PE (garbage bags), are made for example of time and cost reasons by means of blown film extrusion. Rubber foils are manufactured within the range of 0,03 to 0.8 mm. These foils are doubliert also in the Kalander.Depending upon arrangement of the rollers and the material supply one differentiates between i, L, f and Z-Kalander. For the PVC hard processing mainly the L-form is used. Soft PVC processing can be realized in the F-form, to fabric courses in the Z-Kalander.Kalander are used also for coining/shaping, smoothing, consolidating and glossy finishing paper and textiles. Furthermore fleeces from thermoplastic polymers can be solidified to bonded fabrics. Also elastomer mixture plates for the production of transportation conveyor belts are kalandriert.In the textile industry Kalander or building groups from several Kalandern are used in various way, among other things, as preliminary stage in the Krumpfungsprozess, to smoothing surfaces, in order to squeeze fleet surplus off, when hot fixing or around fleet remainders to evaporate (Heisskalander).In the paper industry the paper already predried by squeezing off is heated likewise over the Kalander for the drying process.By change of pressure, temperature and roller speed different effects can be obtained.The procedure calls itself Kalandrieren.During the construction of Kalandern engineers are faced with several difficulties. Usually applications require an extremely finely adjustable distance between the rollers, the width of the commodity should be as large as possible, the rollers if possible few measures exhibit however high pressure to withstand. By the three last requirements it is often unavoidable that small bending effects arise along a roller (deflection), besides often thermal deformations. By (usually tiny) deviations from the cylindrical roller profile is considered to that. Ton profiles (spherically polished roller bundles) are used, which in the center are easily thickened, two trapezoidal profiles and S-profiles moving in opposite directions. With the Verdickung one speaks also of a so-called Bombage. The two last profiles have the advantage that spacer fine adjustments become possible by procedures of the rollers. The rollers can be changed parallel to each other in the roller distance or also geschränkt. When the roller axles no more are parallel.Particularly with the high-speed Kalandern of paper-making machines the vibration response is absorbed by anti-vibration Compound, in order to avoid despite the high speeds of tears in the paper webs. Approx Image Size : 8 X 5 inches - Approx Overall Size with Margins: 6 x 9 1/2 inchesCONDITION: SINGLE FULL PAGE PRINT - BLANK ON THE BACK . Excellent Condition. Image is clean, clear, sharp with beautiful detail. As scanned. Printed on cream color coated paper. This beautiful print would look great matted and framed. Or an art supply store can provide you with a selection of frames for old art treasures.
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