Environment of the Cape Thompson Region, Alaska

Edité par United States Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, Washington DC, 1966

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xvi, 1250, [2] pages. 6 numbered plates in pocket inside rear cover. Illustrations. Maps. References. Bibliography. List of Contributors, Russian Translation of Abstracts. Index. Ex-library with usual library markings. This information was also available at PNE-481 available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information. This large volume includes a synopsis of previous scientific explorations, the engineering geology of the Chariot Site, aspects of the Chukchi Sea, a human geographical study, radioactivity, John Wolfe was a towering leader in nuclear related ecology. In 1955, as the AEC Environmental Research Branch Manager John Wolfe advised that the AEC's ecology program should be redirected to a field research effort rather than a laboratory one and be oriented toward radioactive waste disposal and contamination problems in the context of ecological science. Project Chariot was a 1958 US Atomic Energy Commission proposal to construct an artificial harbor at Cape Thompson on the North Slope of the U.S. state of Alaska by burying and detonating a string of nuclear devices. The project originated as part of Operation Plowshare, a research project to find peaceful uses for nuclear explosives. The plan was championed by Edward Teller, who traveled throughout the state touting the harbor as an important economic development for America's newest state. Alaskan political leaders, newspaper editors, the state university's president, even church groups all rallied in support of the massive detonation. Congress had passed the Alaskan Statehood Act just a few weeks before. An editorial in July 24, 1960 Fairbanks News-Miner said, "We think the holding of a huge nuclear blast in Alaska would be a fitting overture to the new era which is opening for our state." Opposition came from the tiny Inupiat Alaska Native village of Point Hope, a few scientists engaged in environmental studies under AEC contract, and a handful of conservationists. The grassroots protest soon was picked up by organizations with national reach, such as The Wilderness Society, the Sierra Club, and Barry Commoner's Committee for Nuclear Information. In 1962, facing increased public uneasiness over the environmental risk and the potential to disrupt the lives of the Alaska Native peoples, the AEC announced that Project Chariot would be "held in abeyance." It has never been formally canceled. Although the detonation never occurred, the site was radioactively contaminated by an experiment to estimate the effect on water sources of radioactive ejecta landing on tundra plants and subsequently washed down and carried away by rains. Material from a 1962 nuclear explosion at the Nevada Test Site was transported to the Chariot site in August 1962, used in several experiments, then buried. Thirty years later, the disposal was discovered in archival documents by a University of Alaska researcher. State officials immediately traveled to the site and found low levels of radioactivity at a depth of two feet (60 cm) in the burial mound. Outraged residents of the Inupiat village of Point Hope, who had experienced an unusually high rate of cancer deaths, demanded the removal of the contaminated soil, which the government did at its expense. After a customer for the harbor project could not be discovered, the researchers decided to turn the project into a study on the economic impacts of nuclear fallout on the indigenous communities of Point Hope, Noatak, and Kivalina, in particular "to measure the size of bomb necessary to render a population dependent" after local food sources have become too dangerous to eat due to extreme levels of radiation.

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Détails bibliographiques

Titre
Environment of the Cape Thompson Region, Alaska
Auteur
Wilimovsky, Norman J. (Editor), and Wolfe, John N. (Associate Editor)
Éditeur
United States Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, Washington DC
Année de publication
1966
État de l'article
Good
Reliure
Hardcover
Édition
Presumed First Edition, First printing.

Ground Zero Books, Ltd.

Silver Spring, MD, Etats-Unis

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