T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang. "Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions" in Physical Review 104 Issue 1, October 1, 1956, pp. 254-258 [GROUNDBREAKING PROPOSAL TO DETERMINE THE NATURE OF PARITY IN WEAK INTERACTIONS]

Edité par American Physical Society, Lancaster, 1956

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1st edition in ORIGINAL PAPER WRAPPERS of one of the most consequential short papers in 20th-century physics. Lee and Yang showed that physicists believed but had never tested their assumption that nature cannot tell left from right in the weak interactions; put another way, scientists had assumed nature works the same way as its mirror image. Lee and Yang questioned that assumption, and their review of existing evidence led to experiments confirming parity violation -- meaning, essentially that weak nuclear force can in fact distinguish left from right. Their work here fundamentally changed our understanding of the weak force and particle physics; as well, it was an important moment that reminded physicists that the most "obvious" rules of nature have to be tested, not just assumed. In the mid-1950s, physicists faced the "tau-theta puzzle." Two particles, called the tau and the theta, had the same mass and the same lifetime, so they looked like the same particle. But one decayed into two pions and the other into three, which meant their final states had opposite parity. If parity is conserved, one particle can't produce both. Physicists were left with two options: an odd coincidence of two distinct particles, or a broken symmetry that everyone had taken for granted. In the summer of 1956, Lee and Yang worked as guest scientists at Brookhaven where they made a careful review of the existing evidence. They found that parity conservation was well tested for the strong and electromagnetic forces. For the weak force, which governs radioactive beta decay and particle decays, there was essentially no evidence either way. Nobody had designed an experiment that could detect a violation. In this paper, they proposed concrete tests. The most famous was measuring whether electrons from beta decay of spin-aligned nuclei (such as cobalt-60) come out preferentially in one direction relative to the spin. They also suggested looking at the pion to muon to electron decay chain and at hyperon decays. When the experiments were later successfully completed by Chien Shiung Wu, the puzzle of the two particles was solved -- they could in fact be the same. Lee, Yang, and Wu received the Nobel Prize the next year, "one of the quickest such awards ever made" (Gribbin, Q is for Quantum). "Although physicists still did not understand it, they appreciated the import of the discovery that nature distinguished right from left in its core. Other symmetries were immediately implicated- the correspondence between matter and antimatter, and the reversibility of time. As one scientist put it, 'We are no longer trying to handle screws in the dark with heavy gloves. We are being handed the screws neatly aligned on a tray, with a little searchlight on each that indicates the direction of its head'" (Gleick, Genius). CONDITION & DETAILS: 4to. Bound in original wraps in fine condition. Pristine inside and out.…

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Détails bibliographiques

Titre
T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang. "Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions" in Physical Review 104 Issue 1, October 1, 1956, pp. 254-258 [GROUNDBREAKING PROPOSAL TO DETERMINE THE NATURE OF PARITY IN WEAK INTERACTIONS]
Auteur
Lee, T. D. and C. N. Yang
Éditeur
American Physical Society, Lancaster
Année de publication
1956
Édition
1st Edition.
Catalogues du vendeur
Astronomy, Cosmology, & Astrophysics, Atomic & Particle Physics, & Quantum Theory, Plasma Guns

Atticus Rare Books

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