Quasi-Particles and Gauge Invariance in the Theory of Superconductivity (pp. Nambu, 648-663) + Detection and Generation of Gravitational Waves (Weber, pp. 306-313) + Canonical Variables for General Relativity (Arnowitt, pp. 1595-1602) in Physical Review Volume 117, 1960, [FULL VOLUME WITH WRAPS BOUND IN]

Edité par American Physical Society, Lancaster, 1960

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Full volume with original wrappers for each issue bound in. FIRST EDITION OF NAMBU'S PAPER, A WORK THAT SERVED AS THE DIRECT PRECURSOR TO THE HIGGS MECHANISM. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF WEBER'S INVENTION OF THE FIRST GRAVITATIONAL WAVES DETECTOR. Hamiltonian formulation of the equations of general relativity now known as ADM formalism. NAMBU: Nambu's work moved particle physics from looking for fundamental masses to explaning them through the dynamic breaking of symmetry. It was critical because it adapted the BCS theory of superconductivity to particle physics, demonstrating how spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) causes massless particles to acquire mass, directly inspiring the Higgs mechanism. Nambu's analysis of "quasiparticles" and vacuum pairing provided the foundational framework for how particles interact with a field to become massive. Nambu's proposes that light quarks condense in the vacuum to generate mass, a concept directly leading to the idea of the Higgs field providing mass to W and Z bosons. In this paper, Nambu provides an "essential aid to understanding hidden symmetry in quantum field theory [with his] remarkable insight that the vacuum state of a quantum field theory is analogous to the ground state of an interacting many-body system. It is the state of lowest energy - the equilibrium state, given the kinetic and potential energies as specified in the Hamiltonian" (Aitchison, Gauge Theories, 199). Nambu is suggesting "that some massless particles transform themselves into massive particles as a result of spontaneous symmetry breaking at low energies" (Wenner). In 2008 Nambu won the Nobel Prize for his work on this subject; specifically, "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" (NPC). WEBER: "The detection of gravitational waves is sometimes described as the Holy Grail of Modern Physics" (Blair, Advances Gravitational Wave Detectors, xvi). Gravitational waves, or ripples in the fabric of spacetime, were first predicted by Einstein's 1916 general theory of relativity. In February 2016, the September 2015 detection of gravitational waves, waves first predicted by Einstein over a hundred years ago, was announced. "The saga of gravitational wave detection goes back a long way: Einstein believed they existed but thought they were not physically detectable. Eddington queried their existence: he suggested that 'they travel at the speed of thought'. But in the 1950's Pirani, Feynman, Bondi and later Isaacson proved their physical reality, and in 1960 Joseph Weber began to develop his famous resonant mass detectors. (Blair, Advances Gravitational Wave Detectors, xvi). Weber's "famous resonant mass detector" "consisted of large vibration-isolated aluminium cylinders constructed with piezoelectric crystals glued on the surface near to the center. These crystals are able to develop a large voltage when they undergo deformation. A low noise amplifier and lock-in amplifier allowed detection of the energy of the fundamental longitudinal resonance of the bar. A gravitational wave applies a time-varying quadrupole deformation and does mechanical work on the fundamental acoustic modes of the test mass. "The absorption cross-section of the mechanical resonator to gravitational waves depends on its mass and sound velocity and is highest at the fundamental resonant frequency. The latter is linked to sound velocity and the resonator's length, since the length must be half an acoustic wavelength at the fundamental longitudinal resonance. Weber chose aluminum because of its high sound velocity, and availability in large pieces, and because it has quite low acoustic losses" (Blair ibid, 61). ARNOWITT: One of a series of papers in which Misner, Deser, and Arnowit formulated a Hamiltonian formulation of the equations of general relativity that are more easily quantized than Einstein's original equations. A Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity that plays an important ro.…

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Détails bibliographiques

Titre
Quasi-Particles and Gauge Invariance in the Theory of Superconductivity (pp. Nambu, 648-663) + Detection and Generation of Gravitational Waves (Weber, pp. 306-313) + Canonical Variables for General Relativity (Arnowitt, pp. 1595-1602) in Physical Review Volume 117, 1960, [FULL VOLUME WITH WRAPS BOUND IN]
Auteur
Nambu, Yoichiro + Joseph Weber + Richard Arnowitt
Éditeur
American Physical Society, Lancaster
Année de publication
1960
Édition
1st Edition.
Catalogues du vendeur
Atomic & Particle Physics, & Quantum Theory

Atticus Rare Books

West Branch, IA, Etats-Unis

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