[GROUP OF TWENTY-ONE SPANISH DECREES PROMULGATED IN MEXICO CITY IN 1813, MOSTLY RELATED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SPAIN'S FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT BUT ALSO INCLUDING DECREES RELATED TO WAR WITH NAPOLEON, THE VENEZUELAN WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, AND COLONIAL TRADE].

[Mexico]: [Spanish Constitution of 1812]: Callejo, Félix María:

Edité par México. March 15 - November 6, 1813.

A propos de cet article

A substantial and significant collection of twenty-one rare Mexican printings of Spanish decrees issued by the short-lived but deeply influential constitutional government established in 1812. Each of these decrees was promulgated in Mexico by the Viceroy of New Spain, Félix María Calleja del Rey y de la Gándara, primer conde de Calderón, in 1813. Drafted and ratified in the absence of any monarch (Joseph Bonaparte had been rejected by the Spanish and the ousted Ferdinand VII had yet to return), the constitution of 1812 followed a period of great political upheaval and married the liberal ideals of the French Revolution with an abiding fear of its outcome, resulting in Spain's first ever constitutional monarchy. While the constitution left some power in the hands of the King, his absence at the time of its implementation meant that Spain was effectively ruled by a constituent congress and regency council, which notably included for the first time representatives from all of Spain's overseas dominions as well as the provinces on the Iberian Peninsula. The considerable majority of the proclamations in this group deal with the repercussions of this dramatically new form of government, including clarifying details of the constitution, publicly printing some of its laws and regulations, and organizing programs meant to protect its legitimacy and longevity. While changes in home government and the Napoleonic Wars were certainly relevant to colonies in the New World, a handful of these decrees also relate more materially to the Western Hemisphere, including some related to colonial trade and the ongoing war for independence in Venezuela. All of the present documents were promulgated in Mexico City and are signed in type (and most of them rubricked in manuscript) by the Viceroy, Félix María Calleja. Calleja was a general sent to New Spain in 1810 to put down the early rumblings of Mexican independence, which he did with ruthless efficiency. He was Viceroy from 1813 to 1816, when he was replaced for fear that his merciless stamping of the insurrection would only further stoke the fires of anti-Spanish sentiment. The full list of decrees in this group, ordered by the date they were promulgated by Calleja and accompanied by brief notes on their contents, is as follows: All twenty-one documents share the same caption title: Don Felix Maria Calleja del Rey, Bruder, Losada, Flores, Campeño, Montero de Espinosa, Mariscal de Campo de los Exércitos Nacionales, Virey, Gobernador y Capitan General de Esta N.E., Presidente de Su Audiencia, Superintendente General Subdelegado de la Hacienda Pública, Minas, Azogues y Ramo del Tabaco, Juez Conservador de Éste, Presidente de Su Junta, y Subdelegado General de Correos en el Mismo Reyno. 1) El Orden de las Cortes Generales y Extraordinarias Comunicada…Que en los Papeles de Oficio Usen Siempre el Gobierno y Todas las Autoridades del Mismo Lenguage Que Usa la Constitucion.[first lines of main text]. March 15. Decrees that all official government papers should follow the language of the new constitution. 2) La Regencia del Reyno Se Ha Servido Levantar el Riguroso Bloqueo en Que Se Hallaba Puerto Cabello en la Provincia de Caracas. March 31. Lifts the Spanish blockade of Caracas now that a peace arrangement had been made with the insurgents in Venezuela. While the Royalists took back the province and the "First Republic of Venezuela" was officially ended in late 1812, it would only be a few months before Simon Bolívar returned and Caracas changed hands once again in the ongoing war for independence. 3) El Consejo de Estado y el Supremo Tribunal de Justicia Que Con Arreglo à la Constitution Política de la Monarquía Española Se Sirvieron Crear las Córtes Generales. March 31. Announcing that the Córtes Generales created by the new constitution (and which was effectively the new governing body of the empire) is officially in effect and performing duties as described in that document. 4) Las Córtes Generales y.

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• Titre: [GROUP OF TWENTY-ONE SPANISH DECREES PROMULGATED IN MEXICO CITY IN 1813, MOSTLY RELATED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SPAIN'S FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT BUT ALSO INCLUDING DECREES RELATED TO WAR WITH NAPOLEON, THE VENEZUELAN WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, AND COLONIAL TRADE].
• Éditeur: México. March 15 - November 6, 1813.
• Signé: Signé par l'auteur